महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-80, verse-16

इत्युक्त्वा स तदा राजा दुःखशोकसमाहतः ।
उपस्पृश्य महाराज दुःखाद्वचनमब्रवीत् ॥१६॥

16. ityuktvā sa tadā rājā duḥkhaśokasamāhataḥ ,
upaspṛśya mahārāja duḥkhādvacanamabravīt.

16. iti uktvā saḥ tadā rājā duḥkha-śoka-samāhataḥ
| upaspṛśya mahārāja duḥkhāt vacanam abravīt

16. iti uktvā saḥ rājā tadā duḥkha-śoka-samāhataḥ
upaspṛśya mahārāja duḥkhāt vacanam abravīt

16. Having said this, that king, then overcome with sorrow and grief, O great king, spoke these words out of anguish after touching water for purification.

Words meanings summery:

• इति (iti) - indicating the end of the preceding speech (thus, so, in this way)

• उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having said, after speaking

• सः (saḥ) - that (particular) king (that, he)

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• राजा (rājā) - king

• दुःख-शोक-समाहतः (duḥkha-śoka-samāhataḥ) - struck by sorrow and grief, overwhelmed by distress and lamentation

• उपस्पृश्य (upaspṛśya) - having touched (water), having performed ritual purification

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O Dhṛtarāṣṭra (the blind king, listener of the Mahābhārata) (O great king)

• दुःखात् (duḥkhāt) - from sorrow, out of pain, due to anguish

• वचनम् (vacanam) - these words (word, speech, utterance)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke, he said

Words meanings and morphology

इति (iti) - indicating the end of the preceding speech (thus, so, in this way)

(indeclinable)

Note: Indicates the end of previous speech.

उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having said, after speaking

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Absolutive form of the root `vac` (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

सः (saḥ) - that (particular) king (that, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to 'rājā'.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign, ruler

दुःख-शोक-समाहतः (duḥkha-śoka-samāhataḥ) - struck by sorrow and grief, overwhelmed by distress and lamentation

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duḥkha-śoka-samāhata

duḥkha-śoka-samāhata - afflicted by sorrow and grief, overwhelmed by distress and lamentation

Tatpuruṣa compound: `duḥkha-śoka` (sorrow-grief) + `samāhata` (struck/afflicted).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (duḥkha+śoka+samāhata)

• duḥkha – suffering, pain, sorrow, distress
  noun (neuter)
• śoka – grief, lamentation, anguish
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root `śuc` (to burn, to grieve).
  Root: śuc (class 1)
• samāhata – struck, hit, afflicted, overcome
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past Passive Participle of the root `han` (to strike, to kill) with prefixes `sam` and `ā`.
  Prefixes: sam+ā
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Qualifies `rājā`.

उपस्पृश्य (upaspṛśya) - having touched (water), having performed ritual purification

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Absolutive form of the root `spṛś` (to touch) with prefix `upa`.

Prefix: upa

Root: spṛś (class 6)

महाराज (mahārāja) - O Dhṛtarāṣṭra (the blind king, listener of the Mahābhārata) (O great king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārājan

mahārājan - great king, emperor

Karmadhāraya compound `mahā` (great) + `rājan` (king).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective
• rājan – king
  noun (masculine)

Note: Address to Dhṛtarāṣṭra (listener of the Mahābhārata).

दुःखात् (duḥkhāt) - from sorrow, out of pain, due to anguish

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - suffering, pain, sorrow, distress, misery

Note: Indicates the cause or origin of speaking.

वचनम् (vacanam) - these words (word, speech, utterance)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - speaking, saying, word, speech, statement

Derived from the root `vac` (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Direct object of `abravīt`.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke, he said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect Past Tense

Root verb (2nd conjugation, P-class) with augment 'a' and 3rd person singular ending.

Root: brū (class 2)