महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-68, verse-10

अथ वा दुर्मरं तात यदिदं मे सहस्रधा ।
पतिपुत्रविहीनाया हृदयं न विदीर्यते ॥१०॥

10. atha vā durmaraṁ tāta yadidaṁ me sahasradhā ,
patiputravihīnāyā hṛdayaṁ na vidīryate.

10. atha vā durmaram tāta yat idam me sahasradhā
patiputravihīnāyā hṛdayam na vidīryate

10. atha vā tāta yat idam me patiputravihīnāyā
hṛdayam sahasradhā na vidīryate durmaram

10. Or else, O dear one, that my heart, of one bereft of husband and son, does not tear into a thousand pieces – this, indeed, is a difficult death (durmara).

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - or else (now, then, moreover, or)

• वा (vā) - or, either

• दुर्मरम् (durmaram) - a difficult death (prolonged suffering) (difficult to die, a difficult death, hard to avoid death)

• तात (tāta) - O dear one (addressing the son) (O father, O dear one)

• यत् (yat) - that which (connects to the following clause) (which, that)

• इदम् (idam) - this (referring to heart) (this, this one)

• मे (me) - my (heart) (my, to me, for me)

• सहस्रधा (sahasradhā) - into a thousand pieces (in a thousand ways, into a thousand parts)

• पतिपुत्रविहीनाया (patiputravihīnāyā) - of one deprived of husband and son

• हृदयम् (hṛdayam) - heart, mind

• न (na) - not, no

• विदीर्यते (vidīryate) - does not tear into pieces (is torn, bursts, breaks apart)

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - or else (now, then, moreover, or)

(indeclinable)

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

Note: Acts as a disjunctive particle.

दुर्मरम् (durmaram) - a difficult death (prolonged suffering) (difficult to die, a difficult death, hard to avoid death)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of durmara

durmara - difficult to die, hard to escape death, a difficult death

compound of dur- (difficult) and mara (dying)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dur+mara)

• dur – difficult, bad, hard
  indeclinable
• mara – dying, death
  noun (masculine)
  from root mṛ (to die)
  Root: mṛ (class 6)

Note: Functions as a predicate, describing the state of not dying.

तात (tāta) - O dear one (addressing the son) (O father, O dear one)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tāta

tāta - father, dear one, darling (term of endearment)

Note: Term of endearment, often used by elders for younger persons, or children for parents.

यत् (yat) - that which (connects to the following clause) (which, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, that, what

Note: Relative pronoun.

इदम् (idam) - this (referring to heart) (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Demonstrative pronoun, here referring to the heart.

मे (me) - my (heart) (my, to me, for me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Note: Enclitic form of the genitive.

सहस्रधा (sahasradhā) - into a thousand pieces (in a thousand ways, into a thousand parts)

(indeclinable)

from sahasra (thousand) + -dhā (in parts, ways)

Note: Adverbial form.

पतिपुत्रविहीनाया (patiputravihīnāyā) - of one deprived of husband and son

(adjective)

Genitive, feminine, singular of patiputravihīnā

patiputravihīna - deprived of husband and son

Tatpuruṣa compound + adjective: pati (husband) + putra (son) + vihīna (deprived)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pati+putra+vihīna)

• pati – husband, lord
  noun (masculine)
• putra – son, offspring
  noun (masculine)
• vihīna – deprived, forsaken
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  root hā (to abandon) + vi- (away), ppp suffix -na
  Prefix: vi
  Root: hā (class 3)

Note: Agrees with an implied feminine noun, referring to the speaker.

हृदयम् (hṛdayam) - heart, mind

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of hṛdaya

hṛdaya - heart, mind, soul

Note: Subject of vidīryate.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation particle.

विदीर्यते (vidīryate) - does not tear into pieces (is torn, bursts, breaks apart)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of vidṛ

present passive

root dṛ (to tear, burst) + vi- (apart), passive conjugation

Prefix: vi

Root: dṛ (class 1)

Note: From root dṛ (to tear, burst) with prefix vi-.