महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-29, verse-15

तेषां स्वविहितं कर्म तद्भयान्नानुतिष्ठताम् ।
प्रजा वृषलतां प्राप्ता ब्राह्मणानामदर्शनात् ॥१५॥

15. teṣāṁ svavihitaṁ karma tadbhayānnānutiṣṭhatām ,
prajā vṛṣalatāṁ prāptā brāhmaṇānāmadarśanāt.

15. teṣām svavihitam karma tat bhayāt na anutiṣṭhatām
prajā vṛṣalatām prāptā brāhmaṇānām adarśanāt

15. tat bhayāt svavihitam karma na anutiṣṭhatām teṣām
brāhmaṇānām adarśanāt prajā vṛṣalatām prāptā

15. From that fear, as they did not perform their prescribed actions (karma), and due to the absence of brahmins, the subjects (praja) attained a degraded state (vṛṣalatā).

Words meanings summery:

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - of those [kshatriyas] (of them, their)

• स्वविहितम् (svavihitam) - one's own prescribed, enjoined

• कर्म (karma) - their prescribed actions or duties. (action, duty, ritual (karma))

• तत् (tat) - that (previously mentioned) fear. (that)

• भयात् (bhayāt) - from fear, due to fear

• न (na) - not, no

• अनुतिष्ठताम् (anutiṣṭhatām) - of those who were not performing/observing

• प्रजा (prajā) - the common people, subjects of the kingdom. (subjects, people, progeny (praja))

• वृषलताम् (vṛṣalatām) - the state of a śūdra or outcast; degraded state (vṛṣalatā)

• प्राप्ता (prāptā) - attained, reached, obtained

• ब्राह्मणानाम् (brāhmaṇānām) - of brahmins

• अदर्शनात् (adarśanāt) - due to the disappearance or absence of brahmins. (from the non-seeing, due to the absence)

Words meanings and morphology

तेषाम् (teṣām) - of those [kshatriyas] (of them, their)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, him, her, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Connects to 'anutiṣṭhatām'.

स्वविहितम् (svavihitam) - one's own prescribed, enjoined

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of svavihita

svavihita - one's own prescribed, enjoined, properly ordained

Compound of sva (one's own) and vihita (prescribed, PPP of vi-dhā).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sva+vihita)

• sva – one's own, self
  pronoun (masculine)
• vihita – prescribed, enjoined, arranged
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root dhā (to place, arrange) with upasarga vi-.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Qualifies 'karma'.

कर्म (karma) - their prescribed actions or duties. (action, duty, ritual (karma))

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of karma

karma - action, deed, duty, ritual, fate (karma)

Derived from root kṛ (to do).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Object of 'anutiṣṭhatām'.

तत् (tat) - that (previously mentioned) fear. (that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, him, her, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Functions as part of the compound 'tat bhayāt'.

भयात् (bhayāt) - from fear, due to fear

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of bhaya

bhaya - fear, dread, apprehension

Derived from root bhī (to fear).

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Together with 'tat', means 'from that fear'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

Note: Negates 'anutiṣṭhatām'.

अनुतिष्ठताम् (anutiṣṭhatām) - of those who were not performing/observing

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of anutiṣṭhat

sthā - to stand, perform, abide

Present Active Participle

Formed from root sthā (to stand) with upasarga anu- and present participle suffix -at.

Prefix: anu

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Qualifies the 'kshatriyas' implied by 'teṣām'.

प्रजा (prajā) - the common people, subjects of the kingdom. (subjects, people, progeny (praja))

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of prajā

prajā - progeny, subjects, people, creature (praja)

Derived from root jan (to be born) with upasarga pra-.

Prefix: pra

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Subject of 'prāptā'.

वृषलताम् (vṛṣalatām) - the state of a śūdra or outcast; degraded state (vṛṣalatā)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vṛṣalatā

vṛṣalatā - state of being a vṛṣala (śūdra, degraded person), degraded state (vṛṣalatā)

Derived from vṛṣala (śūdra, degraded person) with suffix -tā (feminine noun suffix indicating state).

Note: Object of 'prāptā'.

प्राप्ता (prāptā) - attained, reached, obtained

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of prāpta

prāpta - attained, reached, obtained, happened

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root āp (to obtain) with upasarga pra- and suffix -ta.

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Functions as the main verb (implied 'was attained') here, agreeing with 'prajā'.

ब्राह्मणानाम् (brāhmaṇānām) - of brahmins

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - a brahmin, member of the priestly class

Derived from brahman.

Note: Possessive for 'adarśanāt'.

अदर्शनात् (adarśanāt) - due to the disappearance or absence of brahmins. (from the non-seeing, due to the absence)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of adarśana

adarśana - non-seeing, disappearance, absence

Compound of a- (negation) and darśana (seeing, appearance).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+darśana)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• darśana – seeing, vision, appearance
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from root dṛś (to see).
  Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Indicates the cause of the praja's degradation.