महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-98, verse-4

चलं निमित्तं विप्रर्षे सदा सूर्यस्य गच्छतः ।
कथं चलं वेत्स्यसि त्वं सदा यान्तं दिवाकरम् ॥४॥

4. calaṁ nimittaṁ viprarṣe sadā sūryasya gacchataḥ ,
kathaṁ calaṁ vetsyasi tvaṁ sadā yāntaṁ divākaram.

4. calam nimittam viprarṣe sadā sūryasya gacchataḥ
katham calam vetsyasi tvam sadā yāntam divākaram

4. viprarṣe sadā gacchataḥ sūryasya calam nimittam
tvam sadā yāntam divākaram calam katham vetsyasi

4. O brahmin-sage (viprarṣe)! The mark (nimitta) for the constantly moving sun (Sūrya) is itself unstable. How will you, yourself, be able to perceive the ever-moving sun (Divākara) and its unstable mark?

Words meanings summery:

• चलम् (calam) - moving, unstable, unsteady

• निमित्तम् (nimittam) - the target for the arrow (sign, mark, target, cause)

• विप्रर्षे (viprarṣe) - O brahmin-sage

• सदा (sadā) - always, constantly

• सूर्यस्य (sūryasya) - of the Sun

• गच्छतः (gacchataḥ) - of the moving (one)

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

• चलम् (calam) - moving, unsteady

• वेत्स्यसि (vetsyasi) - will you know, will you perceive

• त्वम् (tvam) - you (singular)

• सदा (sadā) - always, constantly

• यान्तम् (yāntam) - moving, going

• दिवाकरम् (divākaram) - the sun, day-maker

Words meanings and morphology

चलम् (calam) - moving, unstable, unsteady

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of cala

cala - moving, unsteady, shaking, wavering

Root: √cal (class 1)

निमित्तम् (nimittam) - the target for the arrow (sign, mark, target, cause)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of nimitta

nimitta - sign, mark, omen, cause, target

विप्रर्षे (viprarṣe) - O brahmin-sage

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of viprarṣi

viprarṣi - brahmin sage

Vocative singular of viprarṣi

Compound type : Karmadhāraya (vipra+ṛṣi)

• vipra – brahmin
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣi – sage, seer
  noun (masculine)

सदा (sadā) - always, constantly

(indeclinable)

सूर्यस्य (sūryasya) - of the Sun

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of sūrya

sūrya - the sun, sun god

गच्छतः (gacchataḥ) - of the moving (one)

(participle)

Genitive, masculine, singular of gacchat

gacchat - going, moving

Present Active Participle

From √gam (to go)

Root: √gam (class 1)

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

चलम् (calam) - moving, unsteady

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of cala

cala - moving, unsteady, shaking, wavering

Root: √cal (class 1)

वेत्स्यसि (vetsyasi) - will you know, will you perceive

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, future (Lṛṭ) of vid

Future Active

2nd person singular, Future Active Indicative

Root: √vid (class 2)

त्वम् (tvam) - you (singular)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (singular/plural)

सदा (sadā) - always, constantly

(indeclinable)

यान्तम् (yāntam) - moving, going

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yānt

yānt - going, moving

Present Active Participle

From √yā (to go)

Root: √yā (class 2)

दिवाकरम् (divākaram) - the sun, day-maker

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of divākara

divākara - sun, day-maker

Compound type : Upapada Tatpurusha (divā+kara)

• divā – by day, during the day
  indeclinable
• kara – maker, doing
  noun (masculine)
  From √kṛ (to do)
  Root: √kṛ (class 8)