महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-98, verse-16

भीष्म उवाच ।
उपानच्छत्रमेतद्वै सूर्येणेह प्रवर्तितम् ।
पुण्यमेतदभिख्यातं त्रिषु लोकेषु भारत ॥१६॥

16. bhīṣma uvāca ,
upānacchatrametadvai sūryeṇeha pravartitam ,
puṇyametadabhikhyātaṁ triṣu lokeṣu bhārata.

16. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca upānat chatram etat vai sūryeṇa iha
pravartitam puṇyam etat abhikhyātam triṣu lokeṣu bhārata

16. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca bhārata etat upānat chatram vai sūryeṇa
iha pravartitam ca etat puṇyam triṣu lokeṣu abhikhyātam

16. Bhishma said: 'O Bhārata (descendant of Bharata), this custom of (donating) sandals and an umbrella was indeed established here by Sūrya. This meritorious deed is renowned throughout the three worlds.'

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - The warrior Bhishma, a prominent character in the Mahabharata. (Bhishma)

• उवाच (uvāca) - Bhishma said. (said, spoke)

• उपानत् (upānat) - Refers to the sandal mentioned along with the umbrella. (sandal, shoe)

• छत्रम् (chatram) - The umbrella mentioned along with the sandal. (umbrella, parasol)

• एतत् (etat) - Refers to the pair of sandals and umbrella. (this, this one (neuter nominative singular))

• वै (vai) - Emphatic particle. (indeed, certainly, verily)

• सूर्येण (sūryeṇa) - The custom was instituted by Sūrya. (by the Sun, by Sūrya)

• इह (iha) - "Here" (referring to the event where Sūrya gave the items). (here, in this world, in this matter)

• प्रवर्तितम् (pravartitam) - This custom was established. (instituted, established, commenced, caused to proceed)

• पुण्यम् (puṇyam) - This act of giving is meritorious. (merit, a meritorious act)

• एतत् (etat) - Refers to the meritorious deed of instituting sandals and umbrellas. (this, this one (neuter nominative singular))

• अभिख्यातम् (abhikhyātam) - This meritorious act is renowned. (renowned, celebrated, known)

• त्रिषु (triṣu) - In the three worlds. (in the three)

• लोकेषु (lokeṣu) - In the three worlds (earth, atmosphere, heaven). (in the worlds, in the realms)

• भारत (bhārata) - Bhishma addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra (or Yudhiṣṭhira), a common patronymic address in the Mahabharata. (O descendant of Bharata, O Bhārata)

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - The warrior Bhishma, a prominent character in the Mahabharata. (Bhishma)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma, a proper name, meaning "terrible", "formidable".

Root: bhīṣ (class 10)

उवाच (uvāca) - Bhishma said. (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect active

3rd person singular, perfect tense.

Root: vac (class 2)

उपानत् (upānat) - Refers to the sandal mentioned along with the umbrella. (sandal, shoe)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of upānah

upānah - sandal, shoe, slipper

Nominative singular of `upānah` (n-stem).

Prefix: upa

Root: nah (class 4)

छत्रम् (chatram) - The umbrella mentioned along with the sandal. (umbrella, parasol)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of chatra

chatra - umbrella, parasol

एतत् (etat) - Refers to the pair of sandals and umbrella. (this, this one (neuter nominative singular))

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this one, it

Neuter, nominative singular of `etad`.

वै (vai) - Emphatic particle. (indeed, certainly, verily)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

सूर्येण (sūryeṇa) - The custom was instituted by Sūrya. (by the Sun, by Sūrya)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of sūrya

sūrya - the Sun, the Sun god

Instrumental singular of `sūrya`.

Root: sūv (class 10)

इह (iha) - "Here" (referring to the event where Sūrya gave the items). (here, in this world, in this matter)

(indeclinable)

Adverb of place.

प्रवर्तितम् (pravartitam) - This custom was established. (instituted, established, commenced, caused to proceed)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pravartita

pravartita - instituted, set in motion, caused to proceed, begun

Past Passive Participle

From root `vṛt` (to turn, exist) with `pra` prefix and causative sense (or transitive). `pravartita` means "caused to proceed" or "instituted".

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛt (class 1)

पुण्यम् (puṇyam) - This act of giving is meritorious. (merit, a meritorious act)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of puṇya

puṇya - merit, virtue, good deed, sacred

एतत् (etat) - Refers to the meritorious deed of instituting sandals and umbrellas. (this, this one (neuter nominative singular))

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this one, it

Neuter, nominative singular of `etad`.

अभिख्यातम् (abhikhyātam) - This meritorious act is renowned. (renowned, celebrated, known)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of abhikhyāta

abhikhyāta - renowned, famous, celebrated, known

Past Passive Participle

From root `khyā` (to tell, shine) with `abhi` prefix.

Prefix: abhi

Root: khyā (class 2)

त्रिषु (triṣu) - In the three worlds. (in the three)

(numeral)

लोकेषु (lokeṣu) - In the three worlds (earth, atmosphere, heaven). (in the worlds, in the realms)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of loka

loka - world, realm, sphere

Locative plural of `loka`.

Root: lok (class 10)

Note: The three worlds often refer to `bhūḥ`, `bhuvaḥ`, `svaḥ` (earth, mid-region, heaven).

भारत (bhārata) - Bhishma addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra (or Yudhiṣṭhira), a common patronymic address in the Mahabharata. (O descendant of Bharata, O Bhārata)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, related to Bharata, inhabitant of Bhārata (India)

Vocative singular of `bhārata`.