महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-98, verse-20

दह्यमानाय विप्राय यः प्रयच्छत्युपानहौ ।
स्नातकाय महाबाहो संशिताय द्विजातये ॥२०॥

20. dahyamānāya viprāya yaḥ prayacchatyupānahau ,
snātakāya mahābāho saṁśitāya dvijātaye.

20. dahyamānāya viprāya yaḥ prayacchati upānahau
snātakāya mahābāho saṃśitāya dvijātaye

20. mahābāho,
yaḥ dahyamānāya snātakāya saṃśitāya dvijātaye viprāya upānahau prayacchati

20. O mighty-armed one, whoever gives sandals to a brahmin—to a twice-born who is suffering from heat, to a consecrated graduate, and is disciplined.

Words meanings summery:

• दह्यमानाय (dahyamānāya) - to one who is suffering from heat (referring to the brahmin) (to one who is burning, suffering from heat, being consumed)

• विप्राय (viprāya) - to a brahmin (to a brahmin, to a learned person)

• यः (yaḥ) - Whoever (introducing a relative clause) (who, which)

• प्रयच्छति (prayacchati) - gives (in the present tense) (gives, offers, bestows)

• उपानहौ (upānahau) - a pair of sandals (a pair of sandals, shoes)

• स्नातकाय (snātakāya) - to a consecrated graduate (to a Snātaka (one who has completed Vedic studies and ritual bathing))

• महाबाहो (mahābāho) - O mighty-armed one (as an address) (O mighty-armed one)

• संशिताय (saṁśitāya) - to a disciplined one (to one who is sharpened, austere, disciplined, firm)

• द्विजातये (dvijātaye) - to a twice-born (to a twice-born, to a brahmin)

Words meanings and morphology

दह्यमानाय (dahyamānāya) - to one who is suffering from heat (referring to the brahmin) (to one who is burning, suffering from heat, being consumed)

(adjective)

Dative, masculine, singular of dahyamāna

dahyamāna - burning, being consumed, suffering from heat

present passive participle

present passive participle of root dah (to burn)

Root: dah (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'viprāya' and 'dvijātaye'.

विप्राय (viprāya) - to a brahmin (to a brahmin, to a learned person)

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of vipra

vipra - a brahmin, a learned person, a sage

Note: Recipient of the gift.

यः (yaḥ) - Whoever (introducing a relative clause) (who, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, who

Note: Subject of 'prayacchati'.

प्रयच्छति (prayacchati) - gives (in the present tense) (gives, offers, bestows)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of pra-yam

root yam with upasarga pra, in active voice, third person singular present indicative

Prefix: pra

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the relative clause.

उपानहौ (upānahau) - a pair of sandals (a pair of sandals, shoes)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of upānaha

upānaha - sandal, shoe

Note: Dual form indicating a pair of sandals.

स्नातकाय (snātakāya) - to a consecrated graduate (to a Snātaka (one who has completed Vedic studies and ritual bathing))

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of snātaka

snātaka - a brahmin who has completed his Vedic studies and ritual bathing; a graduate

derived from root snā (to bathe) with suffix -taka

Root: snā (class 2)

Note: Further describes the recipient.

महाबाहो (mahābāho) - O mighty-armed one (as an address) (O mighty-armed one)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahābāhu

mahābāhu - mighty-armed, having strong arms

Bahuvrihi compound: mahā (great) + bāhu (arm)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+bāhu)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• bāhu – arm
  noun (masculine)

Note: Another common epithet/address in the Mahabharata.

संशिताय (saṁśitāya) - to a disciplined one (to one who is sharpened, austere, disciplined, firm)

(adjective)

Dative, masculine, singular of saṃśita

saṁśita - sharpened, austere, disciplined, firm, resolute

past passive participle

past passive participle of root śi (to sharpen) with upasarga sam

Prefix: sam

Root: śi (class 7)

Note: Modifies the recipient, 'viprāya'/'dvijātaye'.

द्विजातये (dvijātaye) - to a twice-born (to a twice-born, to a brahmin)

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of dvijāti

dvijāti - twice-born (a term for Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas; often specifically Brahmins), bird, tooth

Bahuvrihi compound: dvi (two) + jāti (birth)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dvi+jāti)

• dvi – two
  numeral
• jāti – birth, origin, species
  noun (feminine)

Note: Further clarifies the recipient.