महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-60, verse-23

शुभं वा यत्प्रकुर्वन्ति प्रजा राज्ञा सुरक्षिताः ।
चतुर्थं तस्य पुण्यस्य राजा चाप्नोति भारत ॥२३॥

23. śubhaṁ vā yatprakurvanti prajā rājñā surakṣitāḥ ,
caturthaṁ tasya puṇyasya rājā cāpnoti bhārata.

23. śubham vā yat prakurvanti prajāḥ rājñā surakṣitāḥ
caturtham tasya puṇyasya rājā ca āpnoti bhārata

23. bhārata,
rājñā surakṣitāḥ prajāḥ yat vā śubham prakurvanti,
tasya puṇyasya caturtham rājā ca āpnoti.

23. O Bhārata, whatever good deeds the subjects perform, being well-protected by the king, the king also obtains a fourth part of that merit (puṇya).

Words meanings summery:

• शुभम् (śubham) - good deeds, beneficial actions (good, auspicious, beneficial)

• वा (vā) - or, alternatively (or, and)

• यत् (yat) - whatever (which, what, that)

• प्रकुर्वन्ति (prakurvanti) - they perform (good deeds) (they do, perform, accomplish)

• प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - subjects, people (progeny, offspring, subjects, people)

• राज्ञा (rājñā) - by the king

• सुरक्षिताः (surakṣitāḥ) - well-protected (well-protected, properly guarded)

• चतुर्थम् (caturtham) - a fourth part (fourth, a fourth part)

• तस्य (tasya) - of that (of that, his)

• पुण्यस्य (puṇyasya) - of that merit (of merit, virtue, good deed)

• राजा (rājā) - the king (king)

• च (ca) - also (and, also)

• आप्नोति (āpnoti) - he obtains (he obtains, gets, receives)

• भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata (addressing Yudhiṣṭhira) (O descendant of Bharata, O Bhārata)

Words meanings and morphology

शुभम् (śubham) - good deeds, beneficial actions (good, auspicious, beneficial)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śubha

śubha - good, beautiful, auspicious, fortunate, beneficial

वा (vā) - or, alternatively (or, and)

(indeclinable)

यत् (yat) - whatever (which, what, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that

Note: Relates to 'śubham' and serves as the object of 'prakurvanti'.

प्रकुर्वन्ति (prakurvanti) - they perform (good deeds) (they do, perform, accomplish)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (lat) of kṛ

present active

Root kṛ (8th class, tanādi), present stem karu- (reduplicated), with prefix pra.

Prefix: pra

Root: kṛ (class 8)

प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - subjects, people (progeny, offspring, subjects, people)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of prajā

prajā - offspring, progeny, people, subjects

Note: Subject of 'prakurvanti'.

राज्ञा (rājñā) - by the king

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Agent of 'surakṣitāḥ'.

सुरक्षिताः (surakṣitāḥ) - well-protected (well-protected, properly guarded)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of surakṣita

surakṣita - well-protected, guarded, preserved

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root rakṣ (to protect) with prefix su (well, good).

Prefix: su

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

Note: Adjective modifying 'prajāḥ'.

चतुर्थम् (caturtham) - a fourth part (fourth, a fourth part)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of caturtha

caturtha - fourth, a fourth part

Note: Object of 'āpnoti'.

तस्य (tasya) - of that (of that, his)

(pronoun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Possessive modifier for 'puṇyasya'.

पुण्यस्य (puṇyasya) - of that merit (of merit, virtue, good deed)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of puṇya

puṇya - merit, virtue, good deed, righteousness

Note: Determines 'caturtham'.

राजा (rājā) - the king (king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Subject of 'āpnoti'.

च (ca) - also (and, also)

(indeclinable)

आप्नोति (āpnoti) - he obtains (he obtains, gets, receives)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of āp

present active

Root āp (5th class, svādi), present stem āp-nu-.

Root: āp (class 5)

भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata (addressing Yudhiṣṭhira) (O descendant of Bharata, O Bhārata)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, relating to Bharata, India