महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-60, verse-22

अप्याहुः सर्वमेवेति भूयोऽर्धमिति निश्चयः ।
चतुर्थं मतमस्माकं मनोः श्रुत्वानुशासनम् ॥२२॥

22. apyāhuḥ sarvameveti bhūyo'rdhamiti niścayaḥ ,
caturthaṁ matamasmākaṁ manoḥ śrutvānuśāsanam.

22. api āhuḥ sarvam eva iti bhūyaḥ ardham iti niścayaḥ
caturtham matam asmākam manoḥ śrutvā anuśāsanam

22. api āhuḥ "sarvam eva" iti; bhūyaḥ "ardham" iti niścayaḥ;
manoḥ anuśāsanam śrutvā asmākam matam caturtham (iti)

22. Some also say that the king incurs "all" of it, while others are certain it is "half." However, having heard Manu's instruction (anuśāsanam), our view is that it is "a fourth."

Words meanings summery:

• अपि (api) - introduces an additional opinion (also, even, too)

• आहुः (āhuḥ) - some authorities or people state (they say, they have said)

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - the entirety of the sin/merit (all, whole, entire)

• एव (eva) - emphasizes the totality, 'all of it' (indeed, certainly, only, just)

• इति (iti) - marks the end of the quoted opinion (thus, so, (marks a quotation))

• भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - introduces another opinion, or states a stronger/more common view (moreover, further, again)

• अर्धम् (ardham) - half of the sin/merit (half, a half)

• इति (iti) - marks the end of the quoted opinion (thus, so, (marks a quotation))

• निश्चयः (niścayaḥ) - a firm conclusion or established view (certainty, determination, conclusion)

• चतुर्थम् (caturtham) - a quarter share of the sin/merit (a fourth (part), one-fourth)

• मतम् (matam) - our particular judgment or doctrine (opinion, view, thought)

• अस्माकम् (asmākam) - the opinion held by us (the speakers/authors) (our, of us)

• मनोः (manoḥ) - referring to the teachings laid down by the ancient lawgiver Manu (of Manu)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - after taking into account or being guided by the instructions (having heard, after hearing)

• अनुशासनम् (anuśāsanam) - the legal or moral directive given by Manu (instruction, teaching, command, law)

Words meanings and morphology

अपि (api) - introduces an additional opinion (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

आहुः (āhuḥ) - some authorities or people state (they say, they have said)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of ah

Perfect tense, 3rd person plural (or present)

Irregular verb from root `ah`, used with present or perfect meaning.

Root: ah (class 2)

सर्वम् (sarvam) - the entirety of the sin/merit (all, whole, entire)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

एव (eva) - emphasizes the totality, 'all of it' (indeed, certainly, only, just)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

इति (iti) - marks the end of the quoted opinion (thus, so, (marks a quotation))

(indeclinable)

भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - introduces another opinion, or states a stronger/more common view (moreover, further, again)

(indeclinable)

Comparative adverb from `bhūri` (much).

अर्धम् (ardham) - half of the sin/merit (half, a half)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ardha

ardha - half, part, side

इति (iti) - marks the end of the quoted opinion (thus, so, (marks a quotation))

(indeclinable)

निश्चयः (niścayaḥ) - a firm conclusion or established view (certainty, determination, conclusion)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niścaya

niścaya - certainty, determination, firm conclusion, decision

From prefix `nis` + root `ci` (to collect, observe) + suffix `aya`.

Prefix: nis

Root: ci (class 5)

चतुर्थम् (caturtham) - a quarter share of the sin/merit (a fourth (part), one-fourth)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of caturtha

caturtha - fourth, a fourth part

Ordinal numeral, here used as a substantive.

मतम् (matam) - our particular judgment or doctrine (opinion, view, thought)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mata

mata - thought, opinion, view, doctrine, belief

Past Passive Participle of `man` (to think) used as a noun

From root `man` (to think) + `kta` (past passive participle suffix).

Root: man (class 4)

अस्माकम् (asmākam) - the opinion held by us (the speakers/authors) (our, of us)

(pronoun)

Genitive, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we (first person pronoun)

मनोः (manoḥ) - referring to the teachings laid down by the ancient lawgiver Manu (of Manu)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of manu

manu - Manu (a primordial man, lawgiver, progenitor), man

u-stem noun.

Root: man (class 4)

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - after taking into account or being guided by the instructions (having heard, after hearing)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed from root `śru` (to hear) + `ktvā` (absolutive suffix).

Root: śru (class 5)

अनुशासनम् (anuśāsanam) - the legal or moral directive given by Manu (instruction, teaching, command, law)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of anuśāsana

anuśāsana - instruction, teaching, command, discipline, rule

Derived from root with prefix and suffix

Formed from prefix `anu` + root `śās` (to teach, rule) + suffix `ana`.

Prefix: anu

Root: śās (class 2)