महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-49, verse-5

षडपध्वंसजाश्चापि कानीनापसदास्तथा ।
इत्येते ते समाख्यातास्तान्विजानीहि भारत ॥५॥

5. ṣaḍapadhvaṁsajāścāpi kānīnāpasadāstathā ,
ityete te samākhyātāstānvijānīhi bhārata.

5. ṣaṭ apadhvaṃsajāḥ ca api kānīna-apasadāḥ tathā
| iti ete te samākhyātāḥ tān vijānīhi Bhārata

5. tathā ca api ṣaṭ apadhvaṃsajāḥ tathā kānīna-apasadāḥ
ca iti ete te samākhyātāḥ Bhārata tān vijānīhi

5. And also the six sons born of disgrace (apadhvaṃsaja), as well as the maiden's sons (kānīna) and other degenerate (apasada) ones. Thus, these have been enumerated to you. Know them thoroughly, O Bhārata.

Words meanings summery:

• षट् (ṣaṭ) - the number six, referring to six types of sons (six)

• अपध्वंसजाः (apadhvaṁsajāḥ) - a category of six secondary sons considered to be of lower status or illegitimate, not inheritable (born of disgrace, degenerate, ignoble sons)

• च (ca) - and, also (and, also, moreover)

• अपि (api) - also, in addition to (also, even, too)

• कानीन-अपसदाः (kānīna-apasadāḥ) - referring to kānīna (son born to an unmarried maiden) and apasada (degraded or ignoble son) as specific types or categories within the `apadhvaṃsaja` (the maiden's sons and the degenerate ones)

• तथा (tathā) - as well as, likewise (so, thus, in that manner, likewise, as well as)

• इति (iti) - thus, marking the conclusion of a statement or list (thus, in this manner, so)

• एते (ete) - these (types of sons) (these (masculine plural))

• ते (te) - to you (singular, Dative/Genitive), implying 'for your knowledge' (to you (dative/genitive singular), by you (instrumental singular))

• समाख्याताः (samākhyātāḥ) - have been enumerated or described (to you) (enumerated, declared, explained)

• तान् (tān) - these (sons) (them (masculine plural accusative))

• विजानीहि (vijānīhi) - know them thoroughly, recognize them (know, understand, recognize)

• भारत (bhārata) - vocative address to Yudhishthira (O Bharata (descendant of Bharata))

Words meanings and morphology

षट् (ṣaṭ) - the number six, referring to six types of sons (six)

(numeral)

Note: Used to specify the number of `apadhvaṃsajāḥ`.

अपध्वंसजाः (apadhvaṁsajāḥ) - a category of six secondary sons considered to be of lower status or illegitimate, not inheritable (born of disgrace, degenerate, ignoble sons)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of apadhvaṃsaja

apadhvaṁsaja - born of disgrace, degenerate, ignoble, born due to transgression

Compound: apadhvaṃsa (ruin, degradation) + ja (born)

Compound type : tatpurusha (apadhvaṃsa+ja)

• apadhvaṃsa – ruin, degradation, falling off
  noun (masculine)
  From prefix apa + root √dhvaṃs (to fall, perish)
  Prefix: apa
  Root: dhvaṃs (class 1)
• ja – born, produced from
  suffix (adjective) (masculine)
  Derived from root √jan (to be born)
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Refers to the six 'unlawful' sons.

च (ca) - and, also (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, in addition to (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

कानीन-अपसदाः (kānīna-apasadāḥ) - referring to kānīna (son born to an unmarried maiden) and apasada (degraded or ignoble son) as specific types or categories within the `apadhvaṃsaja` (the maiden's sons and the degenerate ones)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kānīna-apasada

kānīna-apasada - maiden's son and degenerate son

Dvandva compound of 'kānīna' and 'apasada'.

Compound type : dvandva (kānīna+apasada)

• kānīna – son of an unmarried maiden
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from 'kanyā' (maiden)
• apasada – degraded, ignoble, low-born, degenerate son
  noun (masculine)
  From prefix apa + root √sad (to sit, sink). One who sits apart, or sinks in quality.
  Prefix: apa
  Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Refers to specific types of 'unlawful' sons.

तथा (tathā) - as well as, likewise (so, thus, in that manner, likewise, as well as)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects items in the list.

इति (iti) - thus, marking the conclusion of a statement or list (thus, in this manner, so)

(indeclinable)

एते (ete) - these (types of sons) (these (masculine plural))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this, these

Nominative plural masculine of 'etad'

Note: Refers to the collective types of sons.

ते (te) - to you (singular, Dative/Genitive), implying 'for your knowledge' (to you (dative/genitive singular), by you (instrumental singular))

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Dative/Genitive singular of 'yuṣmad' (enclitic form). Here, it implies 'to you' or 'for you'.

Note: Refers to Yudhishthira, to whom Bhishma is speaking.

समाख्याताः (samākhyātāḥ) - have been enumerated or described (to you) (enumerated, declared, explained)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of samākhyāta

samākhyāta - enumerated, declared, explained, reported

Past Passive Participle

From prefix sam + ā + root √khyā (to tell, relate) + suffix -kta

Compound type : pradi (sam+ā+khyāta)

• sam – together, completely
  indeclinable (prefix)
• ā – to, near, completely
  indeclinable (prefix)
• khyāta – told, known, famous
  adjective (past passive participle) (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √khyā (to tell)
  Root: khyā (class 2)

Note: Used predicatively with an implied verb 'are'.

तान् (tān) - these (sons) (them (masculine plural accusative))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Accusative plural masculine of 'tad'

Note: Object of `vijānīhi`.

विजानीहि (vijānīhi) - know them thoroughly, recognize them (know, understand, recognize)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (Lot) of jñā

imperative, active voice

2nd person singular imperative active of prefix vi + √jñā

Prefix: vi

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Command to Yudhishthira.

भारत (bhārata) - vocative address to Yudhishthira (O Bharata (descendant of Bharata))

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of Bhārata

Bhārata - descendant of Bharata, an Indian, a warrior

Patronymic from Bharata

Note: Refers to Yudhishthira.