महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-49, verse-3

भीष्म उवाच ।
आत्मा पुत्रस्तु विज्ञेयस्तस्यानन्तरजश्च यः ।
नियुक्तजश्च विज्ञेयः सुतः प्रसृतजस्तथा ॥३॥

3. bhīṣma uvāca ,
ātmā putrastu vijñeyastasyānantarajaśca yaḥ ,
niyuktajaśca vijñeyaḥ sutaḥ prasṛtajastathā.

3. Bhīṣmaḥ uvāca | ātmā putraḥ tu vijñeyaḥ tasya anantarajaḥ
ca yaḥ | niyukta-jaḥ ca vijñeyaḥ sutaḥ prasṛta-jaḥ tathā

3. Bhīṣmaḥ uvāca ātmā putraḥ tu vijñeyaḥ yaḥ tasya anantarajaḥ
ca niyukta-jaḥ ca vijñeyaḥ tathā prasṛta-jaḥ sutaḥ

3. Bhishma said: "The son born of oneself (ātman) should be known; and also he who is born immediately afterwards. Furthermore, the son born by appointment (niyoga) should also be recognized, as well as the son born of a maiden (prasṛtaja)."

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• आत्मा (ātmā) - the inherent self, one's own self, implying a natural-born son (self, soul, spirit, individual)

• पुत्रः (putraḥ) - a male offspring, a specific type of son in the classification (aurasa) (son, child)

• तु (tu) - indeed, moreover, emphasis (but, indeed, on the other hand, yet, certainly)

• विज्ञेयः (vijñeyaḥ) - should be known or recognized (as a type of son) (to be known, to be understood, recognizable)

• तस्य (tasya) - of him (the ātma-putra), or pertaining to the previously mentioned concept (of that, of him, his)

• अनन्तरजः (anantarajaḥ) - a type of secondary son who follows the primary (aurasa) son, potentially a kṣetraja son (born immediately after, next born, secondary)

• च (ca) - and, also (and, also, moreover)

• यः (yaḥ) - he who, that which (who, which, what)

• नियुक्त-जः (niyukta-jaḥ) - a son begotten on a wife by appointment (niyoga) with another man, typically a kinsman, after the husband's death or incapacity (born by appointment, born from one who has been appointed)

• च (ca) - and, also (and, also, moreover)

• विज्ञेयः (vijñeyaḥ) - should be known or recognized (as a type of son) (to be known, to be understood, recognizable)

• सुतः (sutaḥ) - a son, an offspring, generally refers to a type of son in this list (son, offspring)

• प्रसृत-जः (prasṛta-jaḥ) - a type of son born from a woman who has been 'sent forth' or abandoned, or a maiden (kānīna) (born from a released/deserted woman, born of a maiden)

• तथा (tathā) - as well as, likewise (so, thus, in that manner, likewise, as well as)

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of Bhīṣma

Bhīṣma - Bhishma, a renowned warrior and patriarch in the Mahabharata

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of vac

perfect tense, active voice

3rd person singular perfect active of √vac

Root: vac (class 2)

आत्मा (ātmā) - the inherent self, one's own self, implying a natural-born son (self, soul, spirit, individual)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, principle of life, the individual (ātman)

Root: an

Note: Used here in the sense of 'one's own' or 'from oneself' in `ātma-putra`.

पुत्रः (putraḥ) - a male offspring, a specific type of son in the classification (aurasa) (son, child)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child, offspring

Root: put

Note: Part of `ātma-putra`, referring to the legitimate, biological son (aurasa).

तु (tu) - indeed, moreover, emphasis (but, indeed, on the other hand, yet, certainly)

(indeclinable)

विज्ञेयः (vijñeyaḥ) - should be known or recognized (as a type of son) (to be known, to be understood, recognizable)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vijñeya

vijñeya - to be known, to be understood

Gerundive / Future Passive Participle

From prefix vi + root √jñā + suffix -ya (kartavya sense)

Prefix: vi

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Functions as a predicate adjective.

तस्य (tasya) - of him (the ātma-putra), or pertaining to the previously mentioned concept (of that, of him, his)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Genitive singular of 'tad'

Note: Refers to `ātma-putra`.

अनन्तरजः (anantarajaḥ) - a type of secondary son who follows the primary (aurasa) son, potentially a kṣetraja son (born immediately after, next born, secondary)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anantaraja

anantaraja - born immediately after, next born, secondary son

Compound: an-antara + ja (born)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (anantara+ja)

• anantara – without interval, immediate, next
  adjective (neuter)
  Compound: an- (not) + antara (interval)
• ja – born, produced from
  suffix (adjective) (masculine)
  Derived from root √jan (to be born)
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Refers to a specific category of son.

च (ca) - and, also (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

यः (yaḥ) - he who, that which (who, which, what)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

Nominative singular masculine of relative pronoun 'yad'

Note: Refers to `anantarajaḥ`.

नियुक्त-जः (niyukta-jaḥ) - a son begotten on a wife by appointment (niyoga) with another man, typically a kinsman, after the husband's death or incapacity (born by appointment, born from one who has been appointed)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niyukta-ja

niyukta-ja - born by appointment, kṣetraja son

Compound: niyukta (appointed) + ja (born)

Compound type : tatpurusha (niyukta+ja)

• niyukta – appointed, enjoined, authorized
  adjective (past passive participle) (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From prefix ni + root √yuj + suffix -kta
  Prefix: ni
  Root: yuj (class 7)
• ja – born, produced from
  suffix (adjective) (masculine)
  Derived from root √jan (to be born)
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Refers to a son born through the institution of niyoga.

च (ca) - and, also (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

विज्ञेयः (vijñeyaḥ) - should be known or recognized (as a type of son) (to be known, to be understood, recognizable)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vijñeya

vijñeya - to be known, to be understood

Gerundive / Future Passive Participle

From prefix vi + root √jñā + suffix -ya (kartavya sense)

Prefix: vi

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Functions as a predicate adjective.

सुतः (sutaḥ) - a son, an offspring, generally refers to a type of son in this list (son, offspring)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of suta

suta - son, offspring, child

Past Passive Participle (from √sū)

From root √sū (to give birth, to produce)

Root: sū (class 2)

Note: General term for son, but here refers to a specific type `prasṛtaja`.

प्रसृत-जः (prasṛta-jaḥ) - a type of son born from a woman who has been 'sent forth' or abandoned, or a maiden (kānīna) (born from a released/deserted woman, born of a maiden)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prasṛta-ja

prasṛta-ja - born of a maiden, born from a deserted woman, kānīna son

Compound: prasṛta (issued forth, sent out) + ja (born)

Compound type : tatpurusha (prasṛta+ja)

• prasṛta – issued, sprung, produced, deserted, released
  adjective (past passive participle) (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From prefix pra + root √sṛ + suffix -kta
  Prefix: pra
  Root: sṛ (class 1)
• ja – born, produced from
  suffix (adjective) (masculine)
  Derived from root √jan (to be born)
  Root: jan (class 4)

तथा (tathā) - as well as, likewise (so, thus, in that manner, likewise, as well as)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used to connect the last item in a list.