महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-49, verse-18

कश्चिच्च कृतकः पुत्रः संग्रहादेव लक्ष्यते ।
न तत्र रेतः क्षेत्रं वा प्रमाणं स्याद्युधिष्ठिर ॥१८॥

18. kaścicca kṛtakaḥ putraḥ saṁgrahādeva lakṣyate ,
na tatra retaḥ kṣetraṁ vā pramāṇaṁ syādyudhiṣṭhira.

18. kaścit ca kṛtakaḥ putraḥ saṃgrahāt eva lakṣyate na
tatra retaḥ kṣetram vā pramāṇam syāt yudhiṣṭhira

18. yudhiṣṭhira ca kaścit kṛtakaḥ putraḥ saṃgrahāt eva
lakṣyate tatra retaḥ vā kṣetram pramāṇam na syāt

18. O Yudhiṣṭhira, furthermore, some adopted son (kṛtaka putra) is recognized merely by formal acceptance. In that instance, neither semen nor the 'field' (kṣetra) serves as the decisive authority.

Words meanings summery:

• कश्चित् (kaścit) - Refers to a specific category of sons, the 'kṛtaka' son. (someone, some, any)

• च (ca) - Connects this point about adopted sons with the previous discussions on other types of sons. (and, moreover, also)

• कृतकः (kṛtakaḥ) - Refers to a son who is 'made' or formally accepted, i.e., an adopted son. (made, artificial, adopted)

• पुत्रः (putraḥ) - A male offspring. (son, child)

• संग्रहात् (saṁgrahāt) - Paternity established through formal adoption or ceremonial taking over of a child. (from acceptance, by collection, by formal acquisition)

• एव (eva) - Emphasizes that formal acceptance alone is sufficient for recognizing an adopted son. (only, merely, indeed)

• लक्ष्यते (lakṣyate) - The adopted son is legally and socially recognized as such. (is seen, is observed, is recognized, is considered)

• न (na) - Negates the role of semen or field in determining paternity for an adopted son. (not, no)

• तत्र (tatra) - In the case of an adopted son. (there, in that case)

• रेतः (retaḥ) - The biological contribution. (semen, seed, fluid)

• क्षेत्रम् (kṣetram) - The mother/wife as the 'field' of conception. (field, land, wife (metaphorically))

• वा (vā) - Connects 'semen' and 'field' as two alternatives for determining paternity. (or)

• प्रमाणम् (pramāṇam) - The decisive factor or legal evidence for paternity. (authority, proof, measure, standard)

• स्यात् (syāt) - Expresses what ought to be the determining factor according to law or tradition. (should be, may be, would be)

• युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Vocative address to the eldest Pāṇḍava brother, recipient of Bhīṣma's wisdom. (O Yudhiṣṭhira)

Words meanings and morphology

कश्चित् (kaścit) - Refers to a specific category of sons, the 'kṛtaka' son. (someone, some, any)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaścid

kaścid - someone, some, any

from pronoun kim (what/who) + cid (indefinite particle)

च (ca) - Connects this point about adopted sons with the previous discussions on other types of sons. (and, moreover, also)

(indeclinable)

कृतकः (kṛtakaḥ) - Refers to a son who is 'made' or formally accepted, i.e., an adopted son. (made, artificial, adopted)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛtaka

kṛtaka - made, artificial, adopted, created

from root √kṛ (to do, to make) + suffix -taka

Root: kṛ (class 8)

पुत्रः (putraḥ) - A male offspring. (son, child)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

संग्रहात् (saṁgrahāt) - Paternity established through formal adoption or ceremonial taking over of a child. (from acceptance, by collection, by formal acquisition)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of saṃgraha

saṁgraha - collection, acquisition, acceptance, comprehension

from root √grah (to seize) with upasarga sam

Prefix: sam

Root: grah (class 9)

एव (eva) - Emphasizes that formal acceptance alone is sufficient for recognizing an adopted son. (only, merely, indeed)

(indeclinable)

लक्ष्यते (lakṣyate) - The adopted son is legally and socially recognized as such. (is seen, is observed, is recognized, is considered)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (lat) of lakṣ

Present Passive Indicative

root √lakṣ, Present 3rd person singular Ātmanepada, passive voice

Root: lakṣ (class 1)

न (na) - Negates the role of semen or field in determining paternity for an adopted son. (not, no)

(indeclinable)

तत्र (tatra) - In the case of an adopted son. (there, in that case)

(indeclinable)

from pronoun tad (that)

रेतः (retaḥ) - The biological contribution. (semen, seed, fluid)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of retas

retas - semen, seed, fluid, essence

Root: rī (class 4)

क्षेत्रम् (kṣetram) - The mother/wife as the 'field' of conception. (field, land, wife (metaphorically))

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kṣetra

kṣetra - field, land, soil, wife (metaphorically)

वा (vā) - Connects 'semen' and 'field' as two alternatives for determining paternity. (or)

(indeclinable)

प्रमाणम् (pramāṇam) - The decisive factor or legal evidence for paternity. (authority, proof, measure, standard)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pramāṇa

pramāṇa - measure, authority, proof, standard, criterion

Prefix: pra

Root: mā (class 3)

स्यात् (syāt) - Expresses what ought to be the determining factor according to law or tradition. (should be, may be, would be)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi liṅ) of as

Optative Active

root √as, Optative 3rd person singular

Root: as (class 2)

युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Vocative address to the eldest Pāṇḍava brother, recipient of Bhīṣma's wisdom. (O Yudhiṣṭhira)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira, firm in battle

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle
  noun (feminine)
• sthira – firm, steady, stable
  adjective
  Root: sthā (class 1)