महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-49, verse-11

ब्राह्मण्यां लक्ष्यते सूत इत्येतेऽपसदाः स्मृताः ।
पुत्ररेतो न शक्यं हि मिथ्या कर्तुं नराधिप ॥११॥

11. brāhmaṇyāṁ lakṣyate sūta ityete'pasadāḥ smṛtāḥ ,
putrareto na śakyaṁ hi mithyā kartuṁ narādhipa.

11. brāhmaṇyām lakṣyate sūtaḥ iti ete apasadāḥ smṛtāḥ
putraretas na śakyam hi mithyā kartum narādhipa

11. brāhmaṇyām sūtaḥ lakṣyate iti ete apasadāḥ smṛtāḥ
narādhipa putraretas hi mithyā kartum na śakyam

11. When a Sūta (child of a Kṣatriya father and Brāhmaṇa mother) is observed to be born to a Brāhmaṇa woman, such individuals are regarded as degraded. Indeed, O king, the generative seed (semen) that produces a son cannot be falsified.

Words meanings summery:

• ब्राह्मण्याम् (brāhmaṇyām) - in a Brāhmaṇa woman

• लक्ष्यते (lakṣyate) - is born (implying observed to be born) (is observed, is seen, appears)

• सूतः (sūtaḥ) - an individual of the Sūta mixed caste (traditionally born from a Kṣatriya father and Brāhmaṇa mother) (a charioteer, a bard, a specific mixed caste individual)

• इति (iti) - thus, in this manner, marking direct speech or conclusion

• एते (ete) - such (individuals/offspring) (these)

• अपसदाः (apasadāḥ) - degraded persons, outcasts

• स्मृताः (smṛtāḥ) - are regarded (as), are considered (to be) (remembered, considered, traditionally known)

• पुत्ररेतस् (putraretas) - the generative seed from which a child is conceived (semen of a son, generative seed)

• न (na) - not, no

• शक्यम् (śakyam) - cannot be done, is not possible (possible, capable (to be done))

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely (indeed, surely, because)

• मिथ्या (mithyā) - falsely, wrongly, in vain

• कर्तुम् (kartum) - to falsify, to invalidate (to do, to make)

• नराधिप (narādhipa) - O Yudhiṣṭhira (implied recipient of address) (O king, O ruler of men)

Words meanings and morphology

ब्राह्मण्याम् (brāhmaṇyām) - in a Brāhmaṇa woman

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of brāhmaṇī

brāhmaṇī - a Brāhmaṇa woman, a female member of the Brahmin caste

Feminine form of brāhmaṇa

लक्ष्यते (lakṣyate) - is born (implying observed to be born) (is observed, is seen, appears)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of lakṣ

Present passive indicative, 3rd person singular

Root: lakṣ (class 1)

सूतः (sūtaḥ) - an individual of the Sūta mixed caste (traditionally born from a Kṣatriya father and Brāhmaṇa mother) (a charioteer, a bard, a specific mixed caste individual)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sūta

sūta - charioteer, bard, mixed caste (Kṣatriya father, Brāhmaṇa mother)

इति (iti) - thus, in this manner, marking direct speech or conclusion

(indeclinable)

एते (ete) - such (individuals/offspring) (these)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this

अपसदाः (apasadāḥ) - degraded persons, outcasts

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of apasada

apasada - degraded, outcast, low-born

From apa + sad (to sit down)

Prefix: apa

Root: sad (class 1)

स्मृताः (smṛtāḥ) - are regarded (as), are considered (to be) (remembered, considered, traditionally known)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of smṛta

smṛta - remembered, recollected, considered

Past Passive Participle

From root smṛ (to remember)

Root: smṛ (class 1)

पुत्ररेतस् (putraretas) - the generative seed from which a child is conceived (semen of a son, generative seed)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of putraretas

putraretas - semen of a son, generative seed

Compound of 'putra' (son) and 'retas' (semen, seed)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (putra+retas)

• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)
• retas – semen, seed, fluid
  noun (neuter)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

शक्यम् (śakyam) - cannot be done, is not possible (possible, capable (to be done))

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śakya

śakya - possible, practicable, capable of

Gerundive (kṛtya)

From root śak (to be able)

Root: śak (class 5)

हि (hi) - indeed, surely (indeed, surely, because)

(indeclinable)

मिथ्या (mithyā) - falsely, wrongly, in vain

(indeclinable)

Adverb

कर्तुम् (kartum) - to falsify, to invalidate (to do, to make)

(verb)

active, infinitive (tumun) of kṛ

Infinitive

From root kṛ (to do)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

नराधिप (narādhipa) - O Yudhiṣṭhira (implied recipient of address) (O king, O ruler of men)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of narādhipa

narādhipa - king, ruler of men, lord of men

Compound of 'nara' (man) and 'adhipa' (ruler)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+adhipa)

• nara – man, person
  noun (masculine)
• adhipa – ruler, lord, master
  noun (masculine)