महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-49, verse-25

अथ देया तु कन्या स्यात्तद्वर्णेन युधिष्ठिर ।
संस्कर्तुं मातृगोत्रं च मातृवर्णविनिश्चये ॥२५॥

25. atha deyā tu kanyā syāttadvarṇena yudhiṣṭhira ,
saṁskartuṁ mātṛgotraṁ ca mātṛvarṇaviniścaye.

25. atha deyā tu kanyā syāt tat varṇena yudhiṣṭhira
saṃskartum mātṛgotram ca mātṛvarṇaviniścaye

25. yudhiṣṭhira,
atha tu kanyā tat varṇena deyā syāt; mātṛgotram ca mātṛvarṇaviniścaye saṃskartum

25. O Yudhiṣṭhira, if a daughter is to be given in marriage, she should be given to a man of that same social class (varṇa). The purifying ritual (saṃskāra) should be performed according to the mother's lineage (gotra) and the determination of the mother's social class (varṇa).

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - Introduces a new point or transition in the discussion. (now, then, moreover)

• देया (deyā) - A daughter who is of marriageable age and is to be given in marriage. (to be given, fit to be given)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• कन्या (kanyā) - A daughter who is to be given in marriage. (daughter, girl, maiden)

• स्यात् (syāt) - should be, may be, would be

• तत् (tat) - Referring to the social class (varṇa) previously mentioned or implicitly understood (e.g., of the adopting family). (that, his, its)

• वर्णेन (varṇena) - According to the social class (varṇa) of the prospective groom or family. (by the social class, by the color)

• युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Bhishma addressing Yudhiṣṭhira, the eldest Pāṇḍava. (O Yudhiṣṭhira)

• संस्कर्तुम् (saṁskartum) - To perform the necessary purifying ritual (saṃskāra) for the child. (to perform a purifying ritual, to consecrate)

• मातृगोत्रम् (mātṛgotram) - The lineage (gotra) of the mother, which is relevant for determining status or rituals for the child. (mother's lineage)

• च (ca) - and, also

• मातृवर्णविनिश्चये (mātṛvarṇaviniścaye) - When determining ritual status based on the mother's social class (varṇa). (in the determination of the mother's social class)

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - Introduces a new point or transition in the discussion. (now, then, moreover)

(indeclinable)

देया (deyā) - A daughter who is of marriageable age and is to be given in marriage. (to be given, fit to be given)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of deya

deya - to be given, due, fit to be given

Gerundive

Derived from root `dā` (to give), gerundive form.

Root: dā (class 3)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

कन्या (kanyā) - A daughter who is to be given in marriage. (daughter, girl, maiden)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kanyā

kanyā - daughter, girl, maiden, virgin

स्यात् (syāt) - should be, may be, would be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of as

optative mood

Root `as` (2nd conjugation), optative active 3rd singular.

Root: as (class 2)

तत् (tat) - Referring to the social class (varṇa) previously mentioned or implicitly understood (e.g., of the adopting family). (that, his, its)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Functions as a demonstrative adjective here, referring to 'that' social class.

वर्णेन (varṇena) - According to the social class (varṇa) of the prospective groom or family. (by the social class, by the color)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of varṇa

varṇa - color, outward appearance, social class, caste, sound

युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Bhishma addressing Yudhiṣṭhira, the eldest Pāṇḍava. (O Yudhiṣṭhira)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - steady in battle; name of the eldest Pāṇḍava

Compound: `yudhi` (in battle) + `sthira` (steady).

Compound type : aluk-tatpurusha (yudh+sthira)

• yudh – battle, fight
  noun (feminine)
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• sthira – steady, firm, constant
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

संस्कर्तुम् (saṁskartum) - To perform the necessary purifying ritual (saṃskāra) for the child. (to perform a purifying ritual, to consecrate)

(verb)

infinitive (tumun) of saṃs-kṛ

infinitive

Root `kṛ` with prefix `sam`. Infinitive form.

Prefix: sam

Root: kṛ (class 8)

मातृगोत्रम् (mātṛgotram) - The lineage (gotra) of the mother, which is relevant for determining status or rituals for the child. (mother's lineage)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mātṛgotra

mātṛgotra - mother's lineage or clan

Tatpuruṣa compound: `mātṛ` (mother's) + `gotra` (lineage).

Compound type : tatpurusha (mātṛ+gotra)

• mātṛ – mother
  noun (feminine)
• gotra – lineage, clan, family
  noun (neuter)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

मातृवर्णविनिश्चये (mātṛvarṇaviniścaye) - When determining ritual status based on the mother's social class (varṇa). (in the determination of the mother's social class)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of mātṛvarṇaviniścaya

mātṛvarṇaviniścaya - determination of the mother's social class

Tatpuruṣa compound: `mātṛ` (mother's) + `varṇa` (social class) + `viniścaya` (determination).

Compound type : tatpurusha (mātṛ+varṇa+viniścaya)

• mātṛ – mother
  noun (feminine)
• varṇa – color, social class, caste
  noun (masculine)
• viniścaya – determination, ascertainment, decision
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from `vi-ni-ci` (to ascertain).
  Prefixes: vi+ni
  Root: ci (class 5)