महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-49, verse-28

धर्मशास्त्रेषु वर्णानां निश्चयोऽयं प्रदृश्यते ।
एतत्ते सर्वमाख्यातं किं भूयः श्रोतुमिच्छसि ॥२८॥

28. dharmaśāstreṣu varṇānāṁ niścayo'yaṁ pradṛśyate ,
etatte sarvamākhyātaṁ kiṁ bhūyaḥ śrotumicchasi.

28. dharmaśāstreṣu varṇānām niścayaḥ ayam pradṛśyate
etat te sarvam ākhyātam kim bhūyaḥ śrotum icchasi

28. ayam niścayaḥ dharmaśāstreṣu varṇānām pradṛśyate
etat sarvam te ākhyātam kim bhūyaḥ śrotum icchasi

28. This is the established determination concerning the social classes (varṇa) evident in the treatises on natural law (dharmaśāstra). All this has been explained to you; what more do you wish to hear?

Words meanings summery:

• धर्मशास्त्रेषु (dharmaśāstreṣu) - in the treatises on natural law (dharmaśāstra) (in the treatises on law, in the law books)

• वर्णानाम् (varṇānām) - of the social classes (varṇa) (of the colors, of the classes, of the castes)

• निश्चयः (niścayaḥ) - the established determination (ascertainment, determination, conviction, certainty)

• अयम् (ayam) - this (referring to the determination) (this (masculine singular nominative))

• प्रदृश्यते (pradṛśyate) - is evident (is seen, appears, is evident)

• एतत् (etat) - this (this (neuter singular nominative/accusative))

• ते (te) - to you (to you, your (dative/genitive singular of tvad))

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - all (all, whole, entire)

• आख्यातम् (ākhyātam) - has been explained (told, narrated, explained)

• किम् (kim) - what (what, why, whether)

• भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - more, further (again, further, more)

• श्रोतुम् (śrotum) - to hear

• इच्छसि (icchasi) - you wish (you wish, you desire)

Words meanings and morphology

धर्मशास्त्रेषु (dharmaśāstreṣu) - in the treatises on natural law (dharmaśāstra) (in the treatises on law, in the law books)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of dharmaśāstra

dharmaśāstra - treatise on law, book of moral and religious laws, constitutional law

Compound of dharma (law) and śāstra (treatise).

Compound type : tatpurusha (dharma+śāstra)

• dharma – law, duty, righteousness, constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• śāstra – treatise, scripture, rule, science, doctrine
  noun (neuter)
  From root śās (to instruct).
  Root: śās (class 2)

वर्णानाम् (varṇānām) - of the social classes (varṇa) (of the colors, of the classes, of the castes)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of varṇa

varṇa - color, outer appearance, social class, caste, syllable

From root vṛ (to cover, choose).

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Here refers to the four social classes (Brāhmaṇa, Kṣatriya, Vaiśya, Śūdra).

निश्चयः (niścayaḥ) - the established determination (ascertainment, determination, conviction, certainty)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niścaya

niścaya - ascertainment, determination, certainty, resolution, conviction

From nis-ci (to ascertain, determine).

Prefix: nis

Root: ci (class 5)

अयम् (ayam) - this (referring to the determination) (this (masculine singular nominative))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, these

Note: Demonstrative pronoun.

प्रदृश्यते (pradṛśyate) - is evident (is seen, appears, is evident)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of pra-dṛś

Present passive, 3rd person singular

Root dṛś, with upasarga pra. Passive voice form.

Prefix: pra

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: The passive form indicates 'it is seen' or 'it appears'.

एतत् (etat) - this (this (neuter singular nominative/accusative))

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this here

Note: Refers to the whole topic discussed so far.

ते (te) - to you (to you, your (dative/genitive singular of tvad))

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of tvad

tvad - you

Note: Enclitic pronoun.

सर्वम् (sarvam) - all (all, whole, entire)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

Note: Functions as an adjective here modifying 'etat'.

आख्यातम् (ākhyātam) - has been explained (told, narrated, explained)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ākhyāta

ākhyāta - told, narrated, explained, announced

Past Passive Participle

From ā-khyā (to tell, narrate).

Prefix: ā

Root: khyā (class 2)

Note: Acts as a predicate.

किम् (kim) - what (what, why, whether)

(interrogative pronoun)

भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - more, further (again, further, more)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial use.

श्रोतुम् (śrotum) - to hear

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Infinitive form of root śru (to hear).

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Infinitive of purpose.

इच्छसि (icchasi) - you wish (you wish, you desire)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of iṣ

Present active, 2nd person singular

Root iṣ, 6th class (icchati).

Root: iṣ (class 6)