महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-49, verse-27

क्षेत्रजो वाप्यपसदो येऽध्यूढास्तेषु चाप्यथ ।
आत्मवद्वै प्रयुञ्जीरन्संस्कारं ब्राह्मणादयः ॥२७॥

27. kṣetrajo vāpyapasado ye'dhyūḍhāsteṣu cāpyatha ,
ātmavadvai prayuñjīransaṁskāraṁ brāhmaṇādayaḥ.

27. kṣetrajáḥ vā api apasadáḥ ye adhyūḍhā́ḥ teṣu ca api
átha ātmávat vaí prayunjīran saṃskāráṃ brāhmaṇā́dayaḥ

27. brāhmaṇā́dayaḥ kṣetrajáḥ api vā apasadáḥ api átha ye
adhyūḍhā́ḥ teṣu ca ātmávat vaí saṃskāráṃ prayunjīran

27. Brahmins and other high castes should certainly perform the purificatory rites (saṃskāra) for a son born to one's wife by another man (kṣetraja), or for a degraded son (apasada), and even for those who are married to such individuals, treating them as if they were their own.

Words meanings summery:

• क्षेत्रज्áः (kṣetrajáḥ) - a son born to one's wife by another man (born in the field, son born to one's wife by another, son of the wife)

• वा (vā) - or (or, either)

• अपि (api) - even, also (even, also, too, moreover)

• अपसद्áः (apasadáḥ) - a degraded son, one born of low parents (degraded, low-caste, base-born, wicked person)

• ये (ye) - those who (who, which, what (masculine plural nominative))

• अध्यूढा́ः (adhyūḍhā́ḥ) - those who are married (to such individuals) (married to, taken in marriage, wedded)

• तेषु (teṣu) - concerning them (the kṣetraja, apasada, and adhyūḍhāḥ) (in them, among them, concerning them)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• अपि (api) - even (even, also, too, moreover)

• áथ (átha) - and, moreover (then, now, thereupon, and)

• आत्म्áवत् (ātmávat) - as if their own (children) (like oneself, as one's own, self-like)

• वí (vaí) - indeed, certainly (indeed, certainly, verily)

• प्रयुन्जीरन् (prayunjīran) - they should perform (they should apply, perform, employ)

• संस्कार्áं (saṁskāráṁ) - purificatory rite or sacrament (purificatory rite, ceremony, education, culture, impression)

• ब्राह्मणा́दयः (brāhmaṇā́dayaḥ) - Brahmins and other (higher) castes (Brahmins and others, beginning with Brahmins)

Words meanings and morphology

क्षेत्रज्áः (kṣetrajáḥ) - a son born to one's wife by another man (born in the field, son born to one's wife by another, son of the wife)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣetraja

kṣetraja - born in the field, produced in the field; son begotten by one man on the wife of another; a species of rice

From kṣetra (field, wife) + ja (born).

Compound type : tatpurusha (kṣetra+ja)

• kṣetra – field, land, sphere, wife
  noun (neuter)
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective (masculine)
  Suffix -ja from root jan-
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Used here as a noun referring to a type of son.

वा (vā) - or (or, either)

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - even, also (even, also, too, moreover)

(indeclinable)

अपसद्áः (apasadáḥ) - a degraded son, one born of low parents (degraded, low-caste, base-born, wicked person)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of apasada

apasada - degraded, outcast, base-born, vile person

From apa (away, down) + sad (to sit, settle).

Compound type : karmadharaya (apa+sada)

• apa – away, off, back, down
  indeclinable
• sada – sitting, settling
  noun (masculine)
  From root sad (to sit)
  Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Used here as a noun.

ये (ye) - those who (who, which, what (masculine plural nominative))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what, whichever

Note: Relative pronoun.

अध्यूढा́ः (adhyūḍhā́ḥ) - those who are married (to such individuals) (married to, taken in marriage, wedded)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of adhyūḍha

adhyūḍha - married, wedded

Past Passive Participle

From adhī (ad) + vah (to carry, marry).

Prefix: adhi

Root: vah (class 1)

Note: Often functions as a noun in this context.

तेषु (teṣu) - concerning them (the kṣetraja, apasada, and adhyūḍhāḥ) (in them, among them, concerning them)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers back to the previously mentioned types of sons and married people.

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - even (even, also, too, moreover)

(indeclinable)

áथ (átha) - and, moreover (then, now, thereupon, and)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes continuation.

आत्म्áवत् (ātmávat) - as if their own (children) (like oneself, as one's own, self-like)

(adjective)

singular of ātmavat

ātmavat - having a soul or self; possessed of soul or spirit; like oneself, as one's own; strong, powerful

From ātman + -vat (suffix for 'like', 'possessing').

Note: Used adverbially.

वí (vaí) - indeed, certainly (indeed, certainly, verily)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

प्रयुन्जीरन् (prayunjīran) - they should perform (they should apply, perform, employ)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of pra-yuj

Optative mood, 3rd person plural, active voice

Root yuj, with upasarga pra. Optative form.

Prefix: pra

Root: yuj (class 7)

संस्कार्áं (saṁskāráṁ) - purificatory rite or sacrament (purificatory rite, ceremony, education, culture, impression)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saṃskāra

saṁskāra - purificatory rite, sacrament, impression, culture, education, preparation

From sam-kṛ (to do thoroughly, prepare) with suffix -a.

Prefix: sam

Root: kṛ (class 8)

ब्राह्मणा́दयः (brāhmaṇā́dayaḥ) - Brahmins and other (higher) castes (Brahmins and others, beginning with Brahmins)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of brāhmaṇādi

brāhmaṇādi - Brahmins and so forth; those beginning with Brahmins

Compound of brāhmaṇa (Brahmin) and ādi (beginning).

Compound type : dvandva (brāhmaṇa+ādi)

• brāhmaṇa – Brahmin, relating to Brahma
  noun (masculine)
• ādi – beginning, et cetera, and so on
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to the higher castes who perform these rites.