महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-49, verse-15

भीष्म उवाच ।
आत्मजं पुत्रमुत्पाद्य यस्त्यजेत्कारणान्तरे ।
न तत्र कारणं रेतः स क्षेत्रस्वामिनो भवेत् ॥१५॥

15. bhīṣma uvāca ,
ātmajaṁ putramutpādya yastyajetkāraṇāntare ,
na tatra kāraṇaṁ retaḥ sa kṣetrasvāmino bhavet.

15. bhīṣma uvāca ātmajam putram utpādya yaḥ tyajet kāraṇāntare
na tatra kāraṇam retaḥ saḥ kṣetrasvāminaḥ bhavet

15. bhīṣma uvāca yaḥ ātmajam putram kāraṇāntare utpādya
tyajet tatra retaḥ kāraṇam na saḥ kṣetrasvāminaḥ bhavet

15. Bhīṣma said: If one begets an offspring (ātmaja), a son, and then abandons him for some other reason, the semen is not the deciding factor there; that child belongs to the owner of the field (kṣetra).

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्म (bhīṣma) - The grand-uncle of the Pāṇḍavas and Kauravas, relating a story or legal principle. (Bhīṣma)

• उवाच (uvāca) - Bhīṣma spoke or stated. (said, spoke)

• आत्मजम् (ātmajam) - The offspring directly conceived by a man. (one's own offspring, born from oneself)

• पुत्रम् (putram) - A male offspring. (son, child)

• उत्पाद्य (utpādya) - Having fathered a child biologically. (having begotten, having produced, having generated)

• यः (yaḥ) - The person (father) who performs the action of begetting. (who, which)

• त्यजेत् (tyajet) - Should abandon the begotten son. (should abandon, should give up)

• कारणान्तरे (kāraṇāntare) - For any reason apart from the act of begetting or the child's existence. (for another reason, in another cause)

• न (na) - Negates the role of semen as the decisive factor. (not, no)

• तत्र (tatra) - In the situation of a son being abandoned. (there, in that case)

• कारणम् (kāraṇam) - The primary cause or determining factor for legal paternity. (cause, reason, factor)

• रेतः (retaḥ) - The biological contribution of the father. (semen, seed, fluid)

• सः (saḥ) - Refers to the son who has been begotten. (he, that)

• क्षेत्रस्वामिनः (kṣetrasvāminaḥ) - Belonging to the husband of the mother (the 'owner of the field', kṣetra). (of the owner of the field)

• भवेत् (bhavet) - Indicates the legal consequence of paternity. (should be, would be, belongs)

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्म (bhīṣma) - The grand-uncle of the Pāṇḍavas and Kauravas, relating a story or legal principle. (Bhīṣma)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhīṣma, the terrible one

उवाच (uvāca) - Bhīṣma spoke or stated. (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active Indicative

root √vac, Perfect 3rd person singular

Root: vac (class 2)

आत्मजम् (ātmajam) - The offspring directly conceived by a man. (one's own offspring, born from oneself)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ātmaja

ātmaja - self-born, son, offspring, child

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ātman+ja)

• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective
  secondary suffix
  from root √jan (to be born)
  Root: jan (class 4)

पुत्रम् (putram) - A male offspring. (son, child)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

उत्पाद्य (utpādya) - Having fathered a child biologically. (having begotten, having produced, having generated)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

from root √pad with upasarga ut

Prefix: ut

Root: pad (class 4)

यः (yaḥ) - The person (father) who performs the action of begetting. (who, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

त्यजेत् (tyajet) - Should abandon the begotten son. (should abandon, should give up)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi liṅ) of tyaj

Optative Active

root √tyaj, Optative 3rd person singular

Root: tyaj (class 1)

कारणान्तरे (kāraṇāntare) - For any reason apart from the act of begetting or the child's existence. (for another reason, in another cause)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of kāraṇāntara

kāraṇāntara - another reason, another cause

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kāraṇa+antara)

• kāraṇa – cause, reason, motive
  noun (neuter)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• antara – other, different, internal, interval
  adjective (neuter)

न (na) - Negates the role of semen as the decisive factor. (not, no)

(indeclinable)

तत्र (tatra) - In the situation of a son being abandoned. (there, in that case)

(indeclinable)

from pronoun tad (that)

कारणम् (kāraṇam) - The primary cause or determining factor for legal paternity. (cause, reason, factor)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kāraṇa

kāraṇa - cause, reason, motive, instrument

Root: kṛ (class 8)

रेतः (retaḥ) - The biological contribution of the father. (semen, seed, fluid)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of retas

retas - semen, seed, fluid, essence

Root: rī (class 4)

सः (saḥ) - Refers to the son who has been begotten. (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - he, she, it, that

क्षेत्रस्वामिनः (kṣetrasvāminaḥ) - Belonging to the husband of the mother (the 'owner of the field', kṣetra). (of the owner of the field)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kṣetrasvāmin

kṣetrasvāmin - owner of the field, husband

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kṣetra+svāmin)

• kṣetra – field, land, wife (metaphorically)
  noun (neuter)
• svāmin – owner, master, lord, husband
  noun (masculine)
  Root: svā (class 1)

भवेत् (bhavet) - Indicates the legal consequence of paternity. (should be, would be, belongs)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi liṅ) of bhū

Optative Active

root √bhū, Optative 3rd person singular

Root: bhū (class 1)