महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-49, verse-24

त्यक्तो मातापितृभ्यां यः सवर्णं प्रतिपद्यते ।
तद्गोत्रवर्णतस्तस्य कुर्यात्संस्कारमच्युत ॥२४॥

24. tyakto mātāpitṛbhyāṁ yaḥ savarṇaṁ pratipadyate ,
tadgotravarṇatastasya kuryātsaṁskāramacyuta.

24. tyaktaḥ mātāpitṛbhyām yaḥ savarṇam pratipadyate
tat gotravarṇataḥ tasya kuryāt saṃskāram acyuta

24. acyuta,
yaḥ mātāpitṛbhyām tyaktaḥ savarṇam pratipadyate,
tasya tat gotravarṇataḥ saṃskāram kuryāt

24. O Acyuta, for one who has been abandoned by his mother and father, and who is adopted by a person of the same social class (varṇa), one should perform the purifying ritual (saṃskāra) according to the lineage (gotra) and social class (varṇa) of that adopting person.

Words meanings summery:

• त्यक्तः (tyaktaḥ) - A child who has been abandoned by their biological parents. (abandoned, relinquished, forsaken)

• मातापितृभ्याम् (mātāpitṛbhyām) - By the biological parents who abandoned the child. (by mother and father)

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which, he who

• सवर्णम् (savarṇam) - A person belonging to the same social class (varṇa) as the abandoned child, who adopts them. (of the same color/class/caste, a kinsman of the same class)

• प्रतिपद्यते (pratipadyate) - Refers to the act of an abandoned child being adopted or taken in by someone. (obtains, receives, takes refuge with, is adopted by)

• तत् (tat) - Referring to the `savarṇa` (adopting person of the same social class). (that, his, its)

• गोत्रवर्णतः (gotravarṇataḥ) - According to the lineage (gotra) and social class (varṇa) of the adopting person. (from the lineage and social class)

• तस्य (tasya) - Referring to the abandoned child for whom the ritual is performed. (of him, his)

• कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - should perform, should do

• संस्कारम् (saṁskāram) - A specific Hindu rite of passage for the adopted child. (purifying ritual, ceremony, consecration)

• अच्युत (acyuta) - An epithet for Krishna, used here in vocative form, addressing Yudhiṣṭhira (as if he were Krishna due to his virtuous nature). (O Acyuta (Vishnu/Krishna))

Words meanings and morphology

त्यक्तः (tyaktaḥ) - A child who has been abandoned by their biological parents. (abandoned, relinquished, forsaken)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tyakta

tyakta - abandoned, relinquished, forsaken

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root `tyaj` (to abandon), PPP form.

Root: tyaj (class 1)

मातापितृभ्याम् (mātāpitṛbhyām) - By the biological parents who abandoned the child. (by mother and father)

(noun)

Instrumental, dual of mātāpitṛ

mātāpitṛ - mother and father, parents

Dvanda compound of `mātṛ` (mother) and `pitṛ` (father).

Compound type : dvandva (mātṛ+pitṛ)

• mātṛ – mother
  noun (feminine)
• pitṛ – father
  noun (masculine)

यः (yaḥ) - who, which, he who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which

सवर्णम् (savarṇam) - A person belonging to the same social class (varṇa) as the abandoned child, who adopts them. (of the same color/class/caste, a kinsman of the same class)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of savarṇa

savarṇa - of the same color, class, or kind

Bahuvrīhi compound: `sa` (with) + `varṇa` (color/class).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+varṇa)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
• varṇa – color, outward appearance, social class, caste
  noun (masculine)

प्रतिपद्यते (pratipadyate) - Refers to the act of an abandoned child being adopted or taken in by someone. (obtains, receives, takes refuge with, is adopted by)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of prati-pad

present tense, middle voice

Root `pad` (4th conjugation) with prefix `prati`. Present middle 3rd singular.

Prefix: prati

Root: pad (class 4)

तत् (tat) - Referring to the `savarṇa` (adopting person of the same social class). (that, his, its)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: In this context, it functions as an adjective modifying the implied owner of 'gotravarṇataḥ', hence referring to the adopting person.

गोत्रवर्णतः (gotravarṇataḥ) - According to the lineage (gotra) and social class (varṇa) of the adopting person. (from the lineage and social class)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of gotravarṇa

gotravarṇa - lineage and social class

Dvanda compound of `gotra` (lineage) and `varṇa` (social class), with the ablative suffix `-taḥ`.

Compound type : dvandva (gotra+varṇa)

• gotra – lineage, clan, family
  noun (neuter)
• varṇa – color, social class, caste
  noun (masculine)

Note: The suffix `-taḥ` indicates 'from' or 'by means of', hence 'according to'.

तस्य (tasya) - Referring to the abandoned child for whom the ritual is performed. (of him, his)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - should perform, should do

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of kṛ

optative mood, active voice

Root `kṛ` (8th conjugation), optative active 3rd singular.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

संस्कारम् (saṁskāram) - A specific Hindu rite of passage for the adopted child. (purifying ritual, ceremony, consecration)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saṃskāra

saṁskāra - purifying ritual, ceremony, impression, refinement

Derived from `sam-kṛ` (to prepare, make perfect).

Prefix: sam

Root: kṛ (class 8)

अच्युत (acyuta) - An epithet for Krishna, used here in vocative form, addressing Yudhiṣṭhira (as if he were Krishna due to his virtuous nature). (O Acyuta (Vishnu/Krishna))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of acyuta

acyuta - imperishable, infallible; an epithet of Vishnu/Krishna

Compound: `a` (not) + `cyuta` (fallen/perished).

Compound type : tatpurusha (a+cyuta)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• cyuta – fallen, deviated, perished
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root `cyu` (to move, fall).
  Root: cyu (class 1)