महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-49, verse-6

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
षडपध्वंसजाः के स्युः के वाप्यपसदास्तथा ।
एतत्सर्वं यथातत्त्वं व्याख्यातुं मे त्वमर्हसि ॥६॥

6. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
ṣaḍapadhvaṁsajāḥ ke syuḥ ke vāpyapasadāstathā ,
etatsarvaṁ yathātattvaṁ vyākhyātuṁ me tvamarhasi.

6. Yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca | ṣaṭ
apadhvaṃsajāḥ ke syuḥ ke vā api apasadāḥ
tathā | etat sarvam yathā-tattvam
vyākhyātum me tvam arhasi

6. Yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca ṣaṭ apadhvaṃsajāḥ
ke syuḥ? tathā ke vā api
apasadāḥ (syuḥ)? tvam etat sarvam
yathā-tattvam me vyākhyātum arhasi

6. Yudhishthira said: "Who are these six sons born of disgrace (apadhvaṃsaja)? And who, furthermore, are these degenerate (apasada) ones? You ought to explain all of this to me truthfully."

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• षट् (ṣaṭ) - the number six, referring to six types of sons (six)

• अपध्वंसजाः (apadhvaṁsajāḥ) - a category of six secondary sons considered to be of lower status or illegitimate (born of disgrace, degenerate, ignoble sons)

• के (ke) - who are they (the six apadhvaṃsaja sons) (who, which (masculine plural))

• स्युः (syuḥ) - are (in an interrogative context) (may be, should be, are)

• के (ke) - who are they (the apasada ones) (who, which (masculine plural))

• वा (vā) - or, alternatively (or)

• अपि (api) - moreover, additionally (also, even, too)

• अपसदाः (apasadāḥ) - specific types of degenerate or ignoble sons, perhaps distinct from or a subset of `apadhvaṃsajāḥ` (degenerate ones, low-born)

• तथा (tathā) - likewise, also (so, thus, in that manner, likewise, as well as)

• एतत् (etat) - all of this matter (the types of sons) (this, all of this)

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - the entirety of the matter, all details (all, whole, every)

• यथा-तत्त्वम् (yathā-tattvam) - in accordance with the true nature or reality, completely and accurately (according to the truth, truly, accurately, essentially)

• व्याख्यातुम् (vyākhyātum) - to explain in detail, to clarify (to explain, to expound, to describe)

• मे (me) - to me (Yudhishthira) (to me, for me (dative/genitive singular))

• त्वम् (tvam) - you (Bhishma) (you (nominative singular))

• अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought to, you are capable of (explaining) (you are able, you ought, you deserve)

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of Yudhiṣṭhira

Yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhishthira, eldest of the Pandavas, firm in battle

Compound: yudhi (in battle) + sthira (firm)

Compound type : aluk-tatpurusha (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle, in war
  noun (feminine)
  Locative singular of yudh (battle)
• sthira – firm, steady, constant
  adjective (masculine)
  From root √sthā (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Subject of `uvāca`.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of vac

perfect tense, active voice

3rd person singular perfect active of √vac

Root: vac (class 2)

षट् (ṣaṭ) - the number six, referring to six types of sons (six)

(numeral)

Note: Refers to the six `apadhvaṃsajāḥ`.

अपध्वंसजाः (apadhvaṁsajāḥ) - a category of six secondary sons considered to be of lower status or illegitimate (born of disgrace, degenerate, ignoble sons)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of apadhvaṃsaja

apadhvaṁsaja - born of disgrace, degenerate, ignoble, born due to transgression

Compound: apadhvaṃsa (ruin, degradation) + ja (born)

Compound type : tatpurusha (apadhvaṃsa+ja)

• apadhvaṃsa – ruin, degradation, falling off
  noun (masculine)
  From prefix apa + root √dhvaṃs (to fall, perish)
  Prefix: apa
  Root: dhvaṃs (class 1)
• ja – born, produced from
  suffix (adjective) (masculine)
  Derived from root √jan (to be born)
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Subject of the interrogative sentence.

के (ke) - who are they (the six apadhvaṃsaja sons) (who, which (masculine plural))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kim

kim - who, what, which (interrogative pronoun)

Nominative plural masculine of interrogative pronoun 'kim'

Note: Interrogative for the subject.

स्युः (syuḥ) - are (in an interrogative context) (may be, should be, are)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, optative (Liṅ) of as

optative, active voice

3rd person plural optative active of √as

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Expresses possibility or inquiry.

के (ke) - who are they (the apasada ones) (who, which (masculine plural))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kim

kim - who, what, which (interrogative pronoun)

Nominative plural masculine of interrogative pronoun 'kim'

Note: Interrogative for the subject.

वा (vā) - or, alternatively (or)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the two questions.

अपि (api) - moreover, additionally (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adds emphasis to the second question.

अपसदाः (apasadāḥ) - specific types of degenerate or ignoble sons, perhaps distinct from or a subset of `apadhvaṃsajāḥ` (degenerate ones, low-born)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of apasada

apasada - degraded, ignoble, low-born, degenerate son

From prefix apa + root √sad (to sit, sink). One who sits apart, or sinks in quality.

Compound type : pradi (apa+sada)

• apa – away, off, down
  indeclinable (prefix)
• sada – sitting, staying, sinking
  noun (masculine)
  From root √sad (to sit, sink)
  Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Subject of the second interrogative clause.

तथा (tathā) - likewise, also (so, thus, in that manner, likewise, as well as)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the questions.

एतत् (etat) - all of this matter (the types of sons) (this, all of this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, these

Nominative/Accusative singular neuter of 'etad'

Note: Object of `vyākhyātum`.

सर्वम् (sarvam) - the entirety of the matter, all details (all, whole, every)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, whole, every, entire

Nominative/Accusative singular neuter of 'sarva'

Note: Modifies `etat`.

यथा-तत्त्वम् (yathā-tattvam) - in accordance with the true nature or reality, completely and accurately (according to the truth, truly, accurately, essentially)

(indeclinable)

Avyayībhāva compound: yathā (as, according to) + tattva (truth, reality)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+tattva)

• yathā – as, according to, in which manner
  indeclinable
• tattva – truth, reality, essential nature
  noun (neuter)

Note: Modifies `vyākhyātum`.

व्याख्यातुम् (vyākhyātum) - to explain in detail, to clarify (to explain, to expound, to describe)

(verb)

active, infinitive (tumun) of vyākhyātum

Infinitive

From prefix vi + ā + root √khyā (to tell, relate) + suffix -tum

Prefixes: vi+ā

Root: khyā (class 2)

Note: Purpose clause.

मे (me) - to me (Yudhishthira) (to me, for me (dative/genitive singular))

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Dative/Genitive singular of 'asmad' (enclitic form).

Note: Indirect object of `vyākhyātum`.

त्वम् (tvam) - you (Bhishma) (you (nominative singular))

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Nominative singular of 'yuṣmad'

Note: Subject of `arhasi`.

अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought to, you are capable of (explaining) (you are able, you ought, you deserve)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (Laṭ) of arh

present tense, active voice

2nd person singular present active of √arh

Root: arh (class 1)

Note: Governs the infinitive `vyākhyātum`.