महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-49, verse-4

पतितस्य च भार्यायां भर्त्रा सुसमवेतया ।
तथा दत्तकृतौ पुत्रावध्यूढश्च तथापरः ॥४॥

4. patitasya ca bhāryāyāṁ bhartrā susamavetayā ,
tathā dattakṛtau putrāvadhyūḍhaśca tathāparaḥ.

4. patitasya ca bhāryāyām bhartrā susamavetayā |
tathā datta-kṛtau putrau adhyūḍhaḥ ca tathā aparaḥ

4. patitasya bhāryāyām ca (putraḥ)
(bhāryāyām) bhartrā susamavetayā
tathā datta-kṛtau putrau (jñeyau)
tathā aparaḥ adhyūḍhaḥ ca (jñeyaḥ)

4. And (the son born) in the wife of a fallen man, by a husband (or kinsman) properly united with her. Likewise, the two sons, the adopted (datta) and the made (kṛtrima). And similarly, another (son), the son of a woman married while pregnant (adhiyūḍha).

Words meanings summery:

• पतितस्य (patitasya) - of a man who has fallen from social or ritual status, or is dead/impotent (of a fallen one, of a degraded person)

• च (ca) - and, also (and, also, moreover)

• भार्यायाम् (bhāryāyām) - referring to the field (kṣetra) of procreation (in the wife, on the wife)

• भर्त्रा (bhartrā) - by the appointed kinsman acting as a begetter (substitute husband) (by the husband, by the supporter, by the master)

• सुसमवेतया (susamavetayā) - by the wife who is properly joined (ritually or socially) for the purpose of procreation (by one who is well-united, well-connected, properly joined)

• तथा (tathā) - likewise, similarly (so, thus, in that manner, likewise, as well as)

• दत्त-कृतौ (datta-kṛtau) - referring to the two specific types of sons: datta (adopted) and kṛtrima (made son) (the adopted and the made (sons))

• पुत्रौ (putrau) - the two sons just mentioned (datta and kṛtrima) (two sons, the two children)

• अध्यूढः (adhyūḍhaḥ) - refers to the `sahodḥa` son, born of a woman who was pregnant at the time of marriage (married while pregnant, son of a married woman (whose husband has died), son of a pregnant bride)

• च (ca) - and, also (and, also, moreover)

• तथा (tathā) - similarly, likewise (so, thus, in that manner, likewise, as well as)

• अपरः (aparaḥ) - another (son) (another, other, subsequent)

Words meanings and morphology

पतितस्य (patitasya) - of a man who has fallen from social or ritual status, or is dead/impotent (of a fallen one, of a degraded person)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of patita

patita - fallen, degraded, outcast, deceased

Past Passive Particāple

From root √pat (to fall) + suffix -kta

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Qualifies an implied 'man'.

च (ca) - and, also (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

भार्यायाम् (bhāryāyām) - referring to the field (kṣetra) of procreation (in the wife, on the wife)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of bhāryā

bhāryā - wife, she who is to be nourished/supported

Gerundive / Future Passive Participle

From root √bhṛ (to bear, support) + suffix -ya, meaning 'she who is to be maintained'.

Root: bhṛ (class 1)

भर्त्रा (bhartrā) - by the appointed kinsman acting as a begetter (substitute husband) (by the husband, by the supporter, by the master)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bhartṛ

bhartṛ - husband, supporter, master, lord

agent noun

From root √bhṛ (to bear, support) + suffix -tṛ

Root: bhṛ (class 1)

Note: Refers to the agent of procreation, here implying one appointed under `niyoga`.

सुसमवेतया (susamavetayā) - by the wife who is properly joined (ritually or socially) for the purpose of procreation (by one who is well-united, well-connected, properly joined)

(adjective)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of susamavetā

susamaveta - well-united, well-connected, properly joined

Past Passive Participle

From prefix su + sam + root √i (to go) + suffix -kta, with a feminine ending -ā

Compound type : pradi (su+sam+i)

• su – good, well, excellent
  indeclinable (prefix)
• sam – together, completely, intensely
  indeclinable (prefix)
• aveta – met, united, attained
  adjective (past passive participle) (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From prefix ava + root √i (to go) + suffix -kta
  Prefix: ava
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Modifies the implied wife (`bhāryayā` is implied in instrumental).

तथा (tathā) - likewise, similarly (so, thus, in that manner, likewise, as well as)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used to introduce another item in the list.

दत्त-कृतौ (datta-kṛtau) - referring to the two specific types of sons: datta (adopted) and kṛtrima (made son) (the adopted and the made (sons))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of datta-kṛta

datta-kṛta - the adopted and the made (son)

Dvandva compound of 'datta' and 'kṛta'. 'datta' (given) refers to the adopted son, 'kṛta' (made) refers to the kṛtrima son.

Compound type : dvandva (datta+kṛta)

• datta – given, adopted
  noun (past passive participle) (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √dā (to give) + suffix -kta. Used as a noun here meaning 'adopted son'.
  Root: dā (class 3)
• kṛta – made, artificial, made son (kṛtrima)
  noun (past passive participle) (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √kṛ (to do, to make) + suffix -kta. Used as a noun here meaning 'made son' (kṛtrima).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Refers to `datta` (adopted) and `kṛtrima` (made) sons.

पुत्रौ (putrau) - the two sons just mentioned (datta and kṛtrima) (two sons, the two children)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of putra

putra - son, child, offspring

Root: put

Note: Appears with `datta-kṛtau`.

अध्यूढः (adhyūḍhaḥ) - refers to the `sahodḥa` son, born of a woman who was pregnant at the time of marriage (married while pregnant, son of a married woman (whose husband has died), son of a pregnant bride)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adhyūḍha

adhyūḍha - son of a pregnant bride (sahodḥa), one married while pregnant

Past Passive Participle

From prefix adhi + root √vah (to carry, to marry) + suffix -kta. Means 'one who has been taken (as a wife) while pregnant'.

Compound type : pradi (adhi+ūḍha)

• adhi – over, above, upon, in addition to
  indeclinable (prefix)
• ūḍha – carried, conveyed, married
  adjective (past passive participle) (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √vah (to carry, to marry) + suffix -kta
  Root: vah (class 1)

Note: One of the twelve types of sons.

च (ca) - and, also (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

तथा (tathā) - similarly, likewise (so, thus, in that manner, likewise, as well as)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used to introduce another item in the list.

अपरः (aparaḥ) - another (son) (another, other, subsequent)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of apara

apara - other, another, different, subsequent, inferior

Note: Refers to another type of son.

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