महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-49, verse-20

भीष्म उवाच ।
मातापितृभ्यां संत्यक्तं पथि यं तु प्रलक्षयेत् ।
न चास्य मातापितरौ ज्ञायेते स हि कृत्रिमः ॥२०॥

20. bhīṣma uvāca ,
mātāpitṛbhyāṁ saṁtyaktaṁ pathi yaṁ tu pralakṣayet ,
na cāsya mātāpitarau jñāyete sa hi kṛtrimaḥ.

20. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca mātāpitṛbhyām saṃtyaktam pathi yam tu
pralakṣayet na ca asya mātāpitarau jñāyete saḥ hi kṛtrimaḥ

20. Bhishma said, 'He whom one might observe on the road, abandoned by his mother and father, and whose parents are unknown—he is indeed an adopted son (kṛtrima).'

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma

• उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

• मातापितृभ्याम् (mātāpitṛbhyām) - by the mother and father, by the parents

• संत्यक्तम् (saṁtyaktam) - abandoned, relinquished, forsaken

• पथि (pathi) - on the road, in the path

• यम् (yam) - whom, which (masculine singular accusative)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however, on the other hand

• प्रलक्षयेत् (pralakṣayet) - one should observe, perceive, discern

• न (na) - not

• च (ca) - and, also

• अस्य (asya) - his, of him

• मातापितरौ (mātāpitarau) - mother and father, parents (dual)

• ज्ञायेते (jñāyete) - are known, are recognized

• सः (saḥ) - he, that (masculine singular nominative)

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

• कृत्रिमः (kṛtrimaḥ) - an adopted son (kṛtrima) (made, artificial, adopted (son))

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (proper name), terrible, formidable

उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

मातापितृभ्याम् (mātāpitṛbhyām) - by the mother and father, by the parents

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, dual of mātāpitṛ

mātāpitṛ - mother and father, parents

Compound type : dvandva (mātṛ+pitṛ)

• mātṛ – mother
  noun (feminine)
• pitṛ – father
  noun (masculine)

संत्यक्तम् (saṁtyaktam) - abandoned, relinquished, forsaken

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saṃtyakta

saṁtyakta - abandoned, relinquished, forsaken, given up

Past Passive Participle

PPP of root tyaj with prefix sam

Prefix: sam

Root: tyaj (class 1)

पथि (pathi) - on the road, in the path

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of pathin

pathin - path, road, way

यम् (yam) - whom, which (masculine singular accusative)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what, that

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

प्रलक्षयेत् (pralakṣayet) - one should observe, perceive, discern

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of pralakṣ

Prefix: pra

Root: lakṣ (class 1)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अस्य (asya) - his, of him

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

मातापितरौ (mātāpitarau) - mother and father, parents (dual)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of mātāpitṛ

mātāpitṛ - mother and father, parents

Compound type : dvandva (mātṛ+pitṛ)

• mātṛ – mother
  noun (feminine)
• pitṛ – father
  noun (masculine)

ज्ञायेते (jñāyete) - are known, are recognized

(verb)

3rd person , dual, passive, present (laṭ) of jñā

Root: jñā (class 9)

सः (saḥ) - he, that (masculine singular nominative)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

(indeclinable)

कृत्रिमः (kṛtrimaḥ) - an adopted son (kṛtrima) (made, artificial, adopted (son))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛtrima

kṛtrima - made, artificial, factitious, adopted

derived from root kṛ with suffix -trima

Root: kṛ (class 8)