महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-21, verse-19

पिता रक्षति कौमारे भर्ता रक्षति यौवने ।
पुत्राश्च स्थविरीभावे न स्त्री स्वातन्त्र्यमर्हति ॥१९॥

19. pitā rakṣati kaumāre bhartā rakṣati yauvane ,
putrāśca sthavirībhāve na strī svātantryamarhati.

19. pitā rakṣati kaumāre bhartā rakṣati yauvane putrāḥ
ca sthavirībhāve na strī svātantryam arhati

19. pitā kaumāre rakṣati bhartā yauvane rakṣati ca
putrāḥ sthavirībhāve na strī svātantryam arhati

19. A father protects a woman in her childhood, a husband protects her in her youth, and sons protect her in old age. A woman does not deserve independence.

Words meanings summery:

• पिता (pitā) - father

• रक्षति (rakṣati) - protects (protects, guards, preserves)

• कौमारे (kaumāre) - in her childhood (in childhood, in youth, in virginity)

• भर्ता (bhartā) - husband (husband, maintainer, lord)

• रक्षति (rakṣati) - protects (protects, guards, preserves)

• यौवने (yauvane) - in her youth (in youth, in young age, in prime of life)

• पुत्राः (putrāḥ) - sons (sons, children)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• स्थविरीभावे (sthavirībhāve) - in old age (in old age, in decrepitude, in the state of being old)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• स्त्री (strī) - woman (woman, wife, female)

• स्वातन्त्र्यम् (svātantryam) - independence (independence, freedom, self-rule)

• अर्हति (arhati) - deserves (deserves, is worthy of, ought, can)

Words meanings and morphology

पिता (pitā) - father

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father

Note: Subject of 'rakṣati'.

रक्षति (rakṣati) - protects (protects, guards, preserves)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of rakṣ

Present Active

1st class verb. Conjugated in 3rd person singular present active.

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

कौमारे (kaumāre) - in her childhood (in childhood, in youth, in virginity)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of kaumāra

kaumāra - childhood, youth, virginity

Derived from kumāra (boy/youth)

Note: Indicates the stage of life.

भर्ता (bhartā) - husband (husband, maintainer, lord)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhartṛ

bhartṛ - maintainer, supporter, husband, lord

Agent noun from √bhṛ (to bear, support)

Root: bhṛ (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'rakṣati'.

रक्षति (rakṣati) - protects (protects, guards, preserves)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of rakṣ

Present Active

1st class verb. Conjugated in 3rd person singular present active.

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

यौवने (yauvane) - in her youth (in youth, in young age, in prime of life)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of yauvana

yauvana - youth, young age, prime of life

Derived from yuvan (young)

Note: Indicates the stage of life.

पुत्राः (putrāḥ) - sons (sons, children)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of putra

putra - son, child

Note: Subject of implicit 'rakṣanti'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

स्थविरीभावे (sthavirībhāve) - in old age (in old age, in decrepitude, in the state of being old)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of sthavirībhāva

sthavirībhāva - state of old age, decrepitude

compound

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sthavirī+bhāva)

• sthavirī – old woman
  noun (feminine)
  feminine of sthavira
• bhāva – state, condition, existence
  noun (masculine)
  from √bhū
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Indicates the final stage of life.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Negative particle

स्त्री (strī) - woman (woman, wife, female)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of strī

strī - woman, wife, female

स्वातन्त्र्यम् (svātantryam) - independence (independence, freedom, self-rule)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of svātantrya

svātantrya - independence, freedom, self-rule

derived from svatantra, abstract noun

Note: Abstract noun.

अर्हति (arhati) - deserves (deserves, is worthy of, ought, can)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of arh

Present Active

1st class verb. Conjugated in 3rd person singular present active.

Root: arh (class 1)