महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-21, verse-11

भीष्म उवाच ।
सा तदा तेन विप्रेण तथा धृत्या निवर्तिता ।
स्वतन्त्रास्मीत्युवाचैनं न धर्मच्छलमस्ति ते ॥११॥

11. bhīṣma uvāca ,
sā tadā tena vipreṇa tathā dhṛtyā nivartitā ,
svatantrāsmītyuvācainaṁ na dharmacchalamasti te.

11. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca sā tadā tena vipreṇa tathā dhṛtyā nivartitā
svatantrā asmi iti uvāca enam na dharmacchalam asti te

11. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca sā tadā tena vipreṇa tathā dhṛtyā nivartitā
svatantrā asmi iti enam uvāca te dharmacchalam na asti

11. Bhīṣma said: "She was then thus deterred by that Brahmin with firmness. 'I am independent,' she said to him, 'and you have no deception (dharma-cchalam) regarding natural law (dharma) for you.'"

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhīṣma (proper noun)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

• सा (sā) - the woman (from the previous verses) (she, that (feminine singular))

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• तेन (tena) - by that (sage Aṣṭāvakra) (by that (masculine singular))

• विप्रेण (vipreṇa) - by the sage Aṣṭāvakra (by the Brahmin, by the sage)

• तथा (tathā) - thus, in that manner, so

• धृत्या (dhṛtyā) - by firmness, with resolution, with perseverance

• निवर्तिता (nivartitā) - turned back, deterred, caused to desist

• स्वतन्त्रा (svatantrā) - independent, self-reliant

• अस्मि (asmi) - I am

• इति (iti) - thus, so, indicating direct speech

• उवाच (uvāca) - The woman said. (she said, spoke)

• एनम् (enam) - to the sage Aṣṭāvakra (to him, this one (masculine accusative singular))

• न (na) - not

• धर्मच्छलम् (dharmacchalam) - deception (dharma-cchalam) regarding natural law (dharma) (deception concerning righteousness/duty, pretext of dharma)

• अस्ति (asti) - is, exists

• ते (te) - to you, for you, your

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhīṣma (proper noun)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhīṣma (a character in the Mahābhārata), terrible, formidable

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect past (liṭ) of vac

Irregular perfect tense form of vac.

Root: vac (class 2)

सा (sā) - the woman (from the previous verses) (she, that (feminine singular))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, he, it

Note: Subject of the implied 'abhūt' (was) with participle 'nivartitā'.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

Adverbial derivative from tad

तेन (tena) - by that (sage Aṣṭāvakra) (by that (masculine singular))

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, he, it

Note: Agent of the passive participle 'nivartitā'.

विप्रेण (vipreṇa) - by the sage Aṣṭāvakra (by the Brahmin, by the sage)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vipra

vipra - Brahmin, sage, inspired one

From root vip (to tremble, inspire)

Root: vip (class 1)

Note: Agent of the passive participle 'nivartitā'.

तथा (tathā) - thus, in that manner, so

(indeclinable)

Adverbial derivative from tad

Note: Modifies 'nivartitā'.

धृत्या (dhṛtyā) - by firmness, with resolution, with perseverance

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of dhṛti

dhṛti - firmness, resolution, resolve, steadfastness, courage

From root dhṛ (to hold, support)

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Indicates the manner of deterrence.

निवर्तिता (nivartitā) - turned back, deterred, caused to desist

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of nivartita

nivartita - turned back, stopped, deterred, caused to return, prevented

Past Passive Participle

Causative of ni- + vṛt (to turn, revolve) + kta suffix

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Functions as a predicate adjective with an implied "was".

स्वतन्त्रा (svatantrā) - independent, self-reliant

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of svatantra

svatantra - independent, self-controlled, autonomous (fem. 'svatantrā')

Compound of sva (self) and tantra (thread, system, independent)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sva+tantra)

• sva – self, own
  pronoun
• tantra – thread, loom, system, doctrine, independence
  noun (neuter)
  From tan (to spread, extend)
  Root: tan (class 8)

Note: Predicate adjective with 'asmi'.

अस्मि (asmi) - I am

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Irregular present tense form of as.

Root: as (class 2)

Note: The subject 'aham' (I) is implied.

इति (iti) - thus, so, indicating direct speech

(indeclinable)

उवाच (uvāca) - The woman said. (she said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect past (liṭ) of vac

Irregular perfect tense form of vac.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: The subject 'sā' (she) is implied.

एनम् (enam) - to the sage Aṣṭāvakra (to him, this one (masculine accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ena

ena - this, that (emphatic/proximal demonstrative)

Strong form of demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Object of 'uvāca'.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates 'asti'.

धर्मच्छलम् (dharmacchalam) - deception (dharma-cchalam) regarding natural law (dharma) (deception concerning righteousness/duty, pretext of dharma)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dharmacchala

dharmacchala - deception in the name of dharma, pretext of dharma, hypocrisy of righteousness

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+cchala)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue
  noun (masculine)
  From dhṛ (to hold, support)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• cchala – deception, fraud, trick, pretext
  noun (neuter)

Note: Subject of 'asti'.

अस्ति (asti) - is, exists

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Irregular present tense form of as.

Root: as (class 2)

ते (te) - to you, for you, your

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (singular)

Note: Possessive dative (for you) or ethical dative. "You have no dharma-cchalam".