महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-19, verse-20

तत्र देव्या तपस्तप्तं शंकरार्थं सुदुश्चरम् ।
अतस्तदिष्टं देवस्य तथोमाया इति श्रुतिः ॥२०॥

20. tatra devyā tapastaptaṁ śaṁkarārthaṁ suduścaram ,
atastadiṣṭaṁ devasya tathomāyā iti śrutiḥ.

20. tatra devyā tapaḥ taptam śaṅkarārtham suduścaram
ataḥ tat iṣṭam devasya tathā umāyāḥ iti śrutiḥ

20. tatra devyā suduścaram tapaḥ śaṅkarārtham taptam
ataḥ tat devasya tathā umāyāḥ iṣṭam iti śrutiḥ

20. There, the Goddess (Devī) performed extremely arduous spiritual austerities (tapas) for the sake of Śaṅkara (Shiva). Therefore, according to tradition (śruti), that place is beloved by the god (deva) and likewise by Umā.

Words meanings summery:

• तत्र (tatra) - there (on that mountain) (there, in that place)

• देव्या (devyā) - by the Goddess (Pārvatī) (by the goddess)

• तपः (tapaḥ) - spiritual austerities (tapas) (austerity, penance)

• तप्तम् (taptam) - performed (austerities) (performed, practiced, heated, tormented)

• शङ्करार्थम् (śaṅkarārtham) - for the sake of Śaṅkara (Shiva) (for the sake of Śaṅkara)

• सुदुश्चरम् (suduścaram) - extremely arduous (austerities) (very difficult to perform/practice)

• अतः (ataḥ) - therefore (therefore, hence, from this)

• तत् (tat) - that (place previously mentioned) (that)

• इष्टम् (iṣṭam) - beloved (place) (desired, beloved, favorite)

• देवस्य (devasya) - of the god (Śaṅkara/Shiva) (of the god)

• तथा (tathā) - and likewise (and, likewise, thus)

• उमायाः (umāyāḥ) - of Umā (Goddess Pārvatī) (of Umā)

• इति (iti) - thus (ends the quotation/statement) (thus, so, (quotation marker))

• श्रुतिः (śrutiḥ) - (sacred) tradition (śruti), scriptural teaching (hearing, tradition, sacred text)

Words meanings and morphology

तत्र (tatra) - there (on that mountain) (there, in that place)

(indeclinable)

Locative of tad.

देव्या (devyā) - by the Goddess (Pārvatī) (by the goddess)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of devī

devī - goddess, divine female

Feminine form of deva.

Note: Agent of the action taptam.

तपः (tapaḥ) - spiritual austerities (tapas) (austerity, penance)

(noun)

neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - heat, warmth, self-mortification, penance, austerity

From root √tap (to heat).

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Grammatically nominative as it's the subject of the passive construction, but semantically the object of the action.

तप्तम् (taptam) - performed (austerities) (performed, practiced, heated, tormented)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tapta

tapta - heated, hot, tormented, performed (of penance)

Past Passive Participle

From root √tap (to heat, perform penance).

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Functions as a passive verb here.

शङ्करार्थम् (śaṅkarārtham) - for the sake of Śaṅkara (Shiva) (for the sake of Śaṅkara)

(indeclinable)

Compound ending in -artham (for the sake of).

Compound type : tatpurusha (śaṅkara+artha)

• śaṅkara – Shiva, bestower of happiness
  proper noun (masculine)
• artha – purpose, aim, sake
  noun (masculine)

Note: Adverbial expression of purpose.

सुदुश्चरम् (suduścaram) - extremely arduous (austerities) (very difficult to perform/practice)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of suduścara

suduścara - very difficult to perform, extremely arduous

Compound: su- (intensifier) + dus- (difficult) + cara (to move/practice).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+duścara)

• su – good, well, very (prefix)
  indeclinable
• duścara – difficult to perform/practice
  adjective (masculine)
  prefix dus- (difficult) + √car (to move, practice)
  Prefix: dus
  Root: car (class 1)

अतः (ataḥ) - therefore (therefore, hence, from this)

(indeclinable)

Ablative of tad, used adverbially.

तत् (tat) - that (place previously mentioned) (that)

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, that one

इष्टम् (iṣṭam) - beloved (place) (desired, beloved, favorite)

(adjective)

neuter, singular of iṣṭa

iṣṭa - desired, wished, beloved, worshipped, sacrificed

Past Passive Participle

From root √yaj (to worship, sacrifice), irregularly formed.

Root: yaj (class 1)

Note: Predicate adjective.

देवस्य (devasya) - of the god (Śaṅkara/Shiva) (of the god)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of deva

deva - god, deity, divine being

From root √div (to shine).

Root: div (class 4)

Note: Refers to Shiva.

तथा (tathā) - and likewise (and, likewise, thus)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects devasya and umāyāḥ.

उमायाः (umāyāḥ) - of Umā (Goddess Pārvatī) (of Umā)

(proper noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of umā

umā - Umā (a name of Pārvatī)

Note: Refers to Pārvatī.

इति (iti) - thus (ends the quotation/statement) (thus, so, (quotation marker))

(indeclinable)

श्रुतिः (śrutiḥ) - (sacred) tradition (śruti), scriptural teaching (hearing, tradition, sacred text)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of śruti

śruti - hearing, listening, sacred knowledge, tradition, Veda

From root √śru (to hear).

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Refers to tradition/scriptural teaching.