महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-19, verse-2

आर्ष एष भवेद्धर्मः प्राजापत्योऽथ वासुरः ।
यदेतत्सहधर्मेति पूर्वमुक्तं महर्षिभिः ॥२॥

2. ārṣa eṣa bhaveddharmaḥ prājāpatyo'tha vāsuraḥ ,
yadetatsahadharmeti pūrvamuktaṁ maharṣibhiḥ.

2. ārṣa eṣaḥ bhavet dharmaḥ prājāpatyaḥ atha vā āsuraḥ
yat etat sahadharmā iti pūrvam uktam maharṣibhiḥ

2. maharṣibhiḥ pūrvam yat etat sahadharmā iti uktam eṣaḥ
dharmaḥ ārṣaḥ bhavet atha vā prājāpatyaḥ vā āsuraḥ

2. Is this (dharma), which was formerly declared as 'joint participation in (dharma)' by the great sages, a Vedic (ārṣa), a Prajāpati (prājāpatya), or an Asura (āsura) type of marriage (dharma)?

Words meanings summery:

• आर्ष (ārṣa) - Vedic (referring to a type of marriage or sacred tradition) (relating to a ṛṣi (sage), inspired by a sage, Vedic)

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this (dharma) (this)

• भवेत् (bhavet) - may it be (may be, should be, would be)

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - principle, type of marriage (dharma) (natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, intrinsic nature, virtue)

• प्राजापत्यः (prājāpatyaḥ) - Prajāpati (referring to a type of marriage) (relating to Prajāpati)

• अथ (atha) - or (then, moreover, or)

• वा (vā) - or

• आसुरः (āsuraḥ) - Asura (referring to a type of marriage) (demonic, belonging to Asuras)

• यत् (yat) - that which (which, what, that)

• एतत् (etat) - this (concept) (this, that)

• सहधर्मा (sahadharmā) - joint participation in (dharma) (having the same (dharma), companion in (dharma), joint participant in (dharma))

• इति (iti) - as (referring to the preceding term) (thus, so, in this manner (quotative particle))

• पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - formerly (formerly, previously, before)

• उक्तम् (uktam) - declared (said, spoken, declared)

• महर्षिभिः (maharṣibhiḥ) - by the great sages (by great sages)

Words meanings and morphology

आर्ष (ārṣa) - Vedic (referring to a type of marriage or sacred tradition) (relating to a ṛṣi (sage), inspired by a sage, Vedic)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ārṣa

ārṣa - relating to a ṛṣi (sage), sacred, traditional

Derived from ṛṣi

Note: Refers to one of the eight types of marriage.

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this (dharma) (this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, that

भवेत् (bhavet) - may it be (may be, should be, would be)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi liṅ) of bhū

Optative Third Person Singular

Root bhū, class 1

Root: bhū (class 1)

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - principle, type of marriage (dharma) (natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, intrinsic nature, virtue)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, intrinsic nature, virtue

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Refers to the principle or specific type of righteous conduct/marriage.

प्राजापत्यः (prājāpatyaḥ) - Prajāpati (referring to a type of marriage) (relating to Prajāpati)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prājāpatya

prājāpatya - relating to Prajāpati

Derived from Prajāpati

अथ (atha) - or (then, moreover, or)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used here to indicate an alternative.

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

आसुरः (āsuraḥ) - Asura (referring to a type of marriage) (demonic, belonging to Asuras)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āsura

āsura - demonic, belonging to Asuras

Derived from Asura

यत् (yat) - that which (which, what, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what

एतत् (etat) - this (concept) (this, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, that

सहधर्मा (sahadharmā) - joint participation in (dharma) (having the same (dharma), companion in (dharma), joint participant in (dharma))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sahadharma

sahadharma - joint participant in (dharma), common (dharma)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (saha+dharma)

• saha – with, together
  indeclinable
• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, intrinsic nature, virtue
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Referring to the concept of 'sahadharma'.

इति (iti) - as (referring to the preceding term) (thus, so, in this manner (quotative particle))

(indeclinable)

पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - formerly (formerly, previously, before)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial use of neuter singular nominative/accusative.

उक्तम् (uktam) - declared (said, spoken, declared)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ukta

ukta - said, spoken, declared

Past Passive Participle

Root vac (to speak), suffix -ta

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Predicative use.

महर्षिभिः (maharṣibhiḥ) - by the great sages (by great sages)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of maharṣi

maharṣi - great sage

Compound type : karmajīvita (mahā+ṛṣi)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
• ṛṣi – sage, seer
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agent of the passive verb 'uktam'.