महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-19, verse-1

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
यदिदं सहधर्मेति प्रोच्यते भरतर्षभ ।
पाणिग्रहणकाले तु स्त्रीणामेतत्कथं स्मृतम् ॥१॥

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
yadidaṁ sahadharmeti procyate bharatarṣabha ,
pāṇigrahaṇakāle tu strīṇāmetatkathaṁ smṛtam.

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca yat idam sahadharmā iti procyate
bharatarṣabha pāṇigrahaṇakāle tu strīṇām etat katham smṛtam

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca bharatarṣabha yat idam sahadharmā iti
procyate tat strīṇām pāṇigrahaṇakāle tu etat katham smṛtam

1. Yudhiṣṭhira said: "O best of the Bhāratas, that which is referred to as 'joint participation in (dharma)', how is this principle applied to women at the time of their marriage (pāṇigrahaṇa)?"

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira (the speaker) (Yudhiṣṭhira)

• उवाच (uvāca) - (Yudhiṣṭhira) said (said, spoke)

• यत् (yat) - that which (which, what, that)

• इदम् (idam) - this (thing) (this, here, now)

• सहधर्मा (sahadharmā) - joint participation in (dharma) (having the same (dharma), companion in (dharma), joint participant in (dharma))

• इति (iti) - thus, as (referring to the preceding term) (thus, so, in this manner (quotative particle))

• प्रोच्यते (procyate) - is referred to (as) (is said, is declared, is spoken of)

• भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best of the Bhāratas (vocative, addressing Bhishma) (O best of Bharatas, O bull among Bharatas)

• पाणिग्रहणकाले (pāṇigrahaṇakāle) - at the time of their marriage (pāṇigrahaṇa) (at the time of taking the hand (marriage))

• तु (tu) - however (but, yet, however, indeed)

• स्त्रीणाम् (strīṇām) - for women (of women)

• एतत् (etat) - this (principle) (this, that)

• कथम् (katham) - how (how, in what manner)

• स्मृतम् (smṛtam) - is remembered/considered (remembered, considered, traditional)

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira (the speaker) (Yudhiṣṭhira)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - firm in battle; name of the eldest Pāṇḍava

उवाच (uvāca) - (Yudhiṣṭhira) said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active Third Person Singular

reduplicated perfect, root vac, irreg. formation

Root: vac (class 2)

यत् (yat) - that which (which, what, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what

इदम् (idam) - this (thing) (this, here, now)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this

सहधर्मा (sahadharmā) - joint participation in (dharma) (having the same (dharma), companion in (dharma), joint participant in (dharma))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sahadharma

sahadharma - joint participant in (dharma), common (dharma)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (saha+dharma)

• saha – with, together
  indeclinable
• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, intrinsic nature, virtue
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Used in a nominative singular form, but contextually implying the concept itself.

इति (iti) - thus, as (referring to the preceding term) (thus, so, in this manner (quotative particle))

(indeclinable)

प्रोच्यते (procyate) - is referred to (as) (is said, is declared, is spoken of)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (lat) of vac

Present Passive Third Person Singular

Root vac, class 2, with prefix pra-

Prefix: pra

Root: vac (class 2)

भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best of the Bhāratas (vocative, addressing Bhishma) (O best of Bharatas, O bull among Bharatas)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bharatarṣabha

bharatarṣabha - bull of the Bharatas, best of the Bharatas

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bharata+ṛṣabha)

• bharata – descendant of Bharata, name of a king, India
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, best, excellent
  noun (masculine)

पाणिग्रहणकाले (pāṇigrahaṇakāle) - at the time of their marriage (pāṇigrahaṇa) (at the time of taking the hand (marriage))

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of pāṇigrahaṇakāla

pāṇigrahaṇakāla - time of taking the hand (a marriage ritual)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pāṇigrahaṇa+kāla)

• pāṇigrahaṇa – taking the hand (of the bride), marriage (saṃskāra)
  noun (neuter)
  Root: grah (class 9)
• kāla – time
  noun (masculine)

तु (tu) - however (but, yet, however, indeed)

(indeclinable)

स्त्रीणाम् (strīṇām) - for women (of women)

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of strī

strī - woman, wife, female

एतत् (etat) - this (principle) (this, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, that

कथम् (katham) - how (how, in what manner)

(indeclinable)

स्मृतम् (smṛtam) - is remembered/considered (remembered, considered, traditional)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of smṛta

smṛta - remembered, recollected, traditional, enjoined by sacred tradition

Past Passive Participle

Root smṛ (to remember), suffix -ta

Root: smṛ (class 1)

Note: Predicative use.