महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-124, verse-21

भीष्म उवाच ।
एतदाख्याय सा देवी सुमनायै तपस्विनी ।
पतिधर्मं महाभागा जगामादर्शनं तदा ॥२१॥

21. bhīṣma uvāca ,
etadākhyāya sā devī sumanāyai tapasvinī ,
patidharmaṁ mahābhāgā jagāmādarśanaṁ tadā.

21. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca etat ākhyāya sā devī sumanāyai
tapasvinī patidharmam mahābhāgā jagāma adarśanam tadā

21. Bhishma said: After narrating this account, that divine ascetic (tapasvinī), the blessed one, explained the natural law (dharma) concerning a husband to Sumana, and then vanished from sight.

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• एतत् (etat) - this, this account

• आख्याय (ākhyāya) - having narrated, after narrating

• सा (sā) - that (feminine)

• देवी (devī) - goddess, divine lady

• सुमनायै (sumanāyai) - to Sumana (a proper name)

• तपस्विनी (tapasvinī) - female ascetic, female devotee

• पतिधर्मम् (patidharmam) - the natural law concerning a husband, a wife's duty to her husband

• महाभागा (mahābhāgā) - blessed, highly fortunate, glorious

• जगाम (jagāma) - went

• अदर्शनम् (adarśanam) - vanished from sight (disappearance, invisibility)

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (a proper noun, a revered figure in the Mahabharata)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of uvāca

Perfect Active

Perfect tense, 3rd person, singular, active voice from root √vac (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

एतत् (etat) - this, this account

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etat

etat - this

आख्याय (ākhyāya) - having narrated, after narrating

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Absolutive (gerund) formed from the root √khyā (to tell, relate) with upasarga `ā`.

Prefix: ā

Root: khyā (class 2)

सा (sā) - that (feminine)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she

देवी (devī) - goddess, divine lady

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of devī

devī - goddess, divine lady, queen

सुमनायै (sumanāyai) - to Sumana (a proper name)

(proper noun)

Dative, feminine, singular of sumanā

sumanā - good-minded, benevolent (as adjective); Sumana (proper name)

तपस्विनी (tapasvinī) - female ascetic, female devotee

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tapasvinī

tapasvin - ascetic, devotee, one performing penance

Derived from tapas (penance) + -vin suffix.

पतिधर्मम् (patidharmam) - the natural law concerning a husband, a wife's duty to her husband

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of patidharma

patidharma - duty towards a husband, husband's duty/natural law

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pati+dharma)

• pati – husband, lord, master
  noun (masculine)
• dharma – natural law, constitution, righteousness, duty, virtue
  noun (masculine)

महाभागा (mahābhāgā) - blessed, highly fortunate, glorious

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of mahābhāgā

mahābhāga - highly fortunate, blessed, glorious, noble

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+bhāga)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
• bhāga – fortune, share, portion
  noun (masculine)

जगाम (jagāma) - went

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of jagāma

Perfect Active

Perfect tense, 3rd person, singular, active voice from root √gam (to go).

Root: gam (class 1)

अदर्शनम् (adarśanam) - vanished from sight (disappearance, invisibility)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of adarśana

adarśana - not seeing, invisibility, disappearance

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+darśana)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• darśana – seeing, sight, perception
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from root √dṛś (to see).
  Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Often used with 'gam' to mean 'vanished from sight'.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

Adverb formed from `tad` (that).