महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-304, verse-1

याज्ञवल्क्य उवाच ।
सांख्यज्ञानं मया प्रोक्तं योगज्ञानं निबोध मे ।
यथाश्रुतं यथादृष्टं तत्त्वेन नृपसत्तम ॥१॥

1. yājñavalkya uvāca ,
sāṁkhyajñānaṁ mayā proktaṁ yogajñānaṁ nibodha me ,
yathāśrutaṁ yathādṛṣṭaṁ tattvena nṛpasattama.

1. yājñavalkyaḥ uvāca sāṅkhyajñānam mayā proktam yogajñānam
nibodha me yathāśrutam yathādṛṣṭam tattvena nṛpasattama

1. yājñavalkyaḥ uvāca.
nṛpasattama! mayā sāṅkhyajñānam proktam.
yathāśrutam yathādṛṣṭam tattvena yogajñānam me nibodha.

1. Yājñavalkya said: The knowledge of Sāṅkhya has been declared by me. Now understand from me the knowledge of spiritual discipline (yoga), as it has been heard and seen, in its true essence, O best among kings.

Words meanings summery:

• याज्ञवल्क्यः (yājñavalkyaḥ) - Yajnavalkya (a sage)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• साङ्ख्यज्ञानम् (sāṅkhyajñānam) - the knowledge of Sāṅkhya

• मया (mayā) - by me

• प्रोक्तम् (proktam) - declared, said, spoken

• योगज्ञानम् (yogajñānam) - the knowledge of spiritual discipline (yoga)

• निबोध (nibodha) - understand, comprehend, perceive

• मे (me) - from me, my

• यथाश्रुतम् (yathāśrutam) - as heard, according to what was heard

• यथादृष्टम् (yathādṛṣṭam) - as seen, according to what was seen

• तत्त्वेन (tattvena) - truly, in essence, according to the truth

• नृपसत्तम (nṛpasattama) - O best among kings

Words meanings and morphology

याज्ञवल्क्यः (yājñavalkyaḥ) - Yajnavalkya (a sage)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yājñavalkya

yājñavalkya - Yājñavalkya (name of a celebrated Vedic sage and philosopher)

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Tense

Perfect tense 3rd person singular active of root vac

Root: vac (class 2)

साङ्ख्यज्ञानम् (sāṅkhyajñānam) - the knowledge of Sāṅkhya

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sāṅkhyajñāna

sāṅkhyajñāna - the knowledge or doctrine of Sāṅkhya philosophy

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sāṅkhya+jñāna)

• sāṅkhya – Sāṅkhya philosophy, enumeration, discrimination
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from saṃkhyā (number, enumeration)
• jñāna – knowledge, wisdom, understanding
  noun (neuter)
  nominalization
  Derived from root jñā (to know)
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Subject of the passive verb 'proktam'

मया (mayā) - by me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of aham

aham - I

Note: Agent in passive construction

प्रोक्तम् (proktam) - declared, said, spoken

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pravac

pravac - to speak forth, to declare, to explain

Past Passive Participle

pra- (prefix) + root vac (to speak)

Prefix: pra

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Participle agreeing with 'sāṅkhyajñānam'

योगज्ञानम् (yogajñānam) - the knowledge of spiritual discipline (yoga)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of yogajñāna

yogajñāna - the knowledge or doctrine of spiritual discipline (yoga)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (yoga+jñāna)

• yoga – union, spiritual discipline, method, application, effort
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root yuj (to join)
  Root: yuj (class 7)
• jñāna – knowledge, wisdom, understanding
  noun (neuter)
  nominalization
  Derived from root jñā (to know)
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Object of 'nibodha'

निबोध (nibodha) - understand, comprehend, perceive

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of nibudh

Imperative Mood

ni- (prefix) + budh (root 'to know')

Prefix: ni

Root: budh (class 1)

मे (me) - from me, my

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of aham

aham - I

Note: Here often used in sense of "from me" or "for me".

यथाश्रुतम् (yathāśrutam) - as heard, according to what was heard

(indeclinable)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+śruta)

• yathā – as, just as, according to
  indeclinable
• śruta – heard, revealed, traditional knowledge
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root śru (to hear)
  Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Adverbial participle modifying 'yogajñānam'

यथादृष्टम् (yathādṛṣṭam) - as seen, according to what was seen

(indeclinable)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+dṛṣṭa)

• yathā – as, just as, according to
  indeclinable
• dṛṣṭa – seen, perceived
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root dṛś (to see)
  Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Adverbial participle modifying 'yogajñānam'

तत्त्वेन (tattvena) - truly, in essence, according to the truth

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tattva

tattva - truth, reality, principle, element, essential nature

Note: Indicates means or manner "in accordance with the truth"

नृपसत्तम (nṛpasattama) - O best among kings

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of nṛpasattama

nṛpasattama - best among kings, excellent king

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛpa+sattama)

• nṛpa – king, protector of men
  noun (masculine)
• sattama – best, excellent, most noble
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative suffix -tama

Note: Address to the king.