महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-234, verse-21

नाभुक्तवति चाश्नीयादपीतवति नो पिबेत् ।
न तिष्ठति तथासीत नासुप्ते प्रस्वपेत च ॥२१॥

21. nābhuktavati cāśnīyādapītavati no pibet ,
na tiṣṭhati tathāsīta nāsupte prasvapeta ca.

21. na abhuktavati ca aśnīyāt apītavati no pibet na
tiṣṭhati tathā āsīta na asupte prasvapeta ca

21. abhuktavati ca na aśnīyāt apītavati no pibet
tiṣṭhati tathā na āsīta asupte ca na prasvapeta

21. He should not eat before his teacher has eaten, nor drink before his teacher has drunk. He should not sit while his teacher stands, and he should not sleep before his teacher has slept.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no

• अभुक्तवति (abhuktavati) - when the teacher has not eaten (when not eaten, when one has not eaten)

• च (ca) - and, also

• अश्नीयात् (aśnīyāt) - should eat

• अपीतवति (apītavati) - when the teacher has not drunk (when not drunk, when one has not drunk)

• नो (no) - not, nor

• पिबेत् (pibet) - should drink

• न (na) - not, no

• तिष्ठति (tiṣṭhati) - while the teacher stands (stands, is standing)

• तथा (tathā) - similarly, so, thus

• आसीत (āsīta) - should sit

• न (na) - not, no

• असुप्ते (asupte) - when the teacher has not slept (when not sleeping, when one has not slept)

• प्रस्वपेत (prasvapeta) - should sleep

• च (ca) - and, also

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

अभुक्तवति (abhuktavati) - when the teacher has not eaten (when not eaten, when one has not eaten)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of abhuktavat

abhuktavat - not having eaten

Past Active Participle

Nañ-compound + matup suffix. From a (not) + bhukta (eaten) + vat (possessing). Forms a locative absolute.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+bhuktavat)

• a – not, un-, in-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• bhuktavat – having eaten
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Active Participle
  From bhukta (eaten, PPP of bhuj) + matup suffix.
  Root: bhuj (class 7)

Note: Used in a locative absolute construction.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

अश्नीयात् (aśnīyāt) - should eat

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of aś

Optative Mood

3rd person singular present optative active.

Root: aś (class 9)

अपीतवति (apītavati) - when the teacher has not drunk (when not drunk, when one has not drunk)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of apītavat

apītavat - not having drunk

Past Active Participle

Nañ-compound + matup suffix. From a (not) + pīta (drunk) + vat (possessing). Forms a locative absolute.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+pītavat)

• a – not, un-, in-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• pītavat – having drunk
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Active Participle
  From pīta (drunk, PPP of pā) + matup suffix.
  Root: pā (class 1)

Note: Used in a locative absolute construction.

नो (no) - not, nor

(indeclinable)

Negative particle (na + u, often treated as a single particle).

पिबेत् (pibet) - should drink

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of pā

Optative Mood

3rd person singular present optative active.

Root: pā (class 1)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

तिष्ठति (tiṣṭhati) - while the teacher stands (stands, is standing)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of sthā

Present Indicative

3rd person singular present indicative active.

Root: sthā (class 1)

तथा (tathā) - similarly, so, thus

(indeclinable)

Adverb.

आसीत (āsīta) - should sit

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of ās

Optative Mood

3rd person singular present optative middle (ātmanepada).

Root: ās (class 2)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

असुप्ते (asupte) - when the teacher has not slept (when not sleeping, when one has not slept)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of asuputa

asuputa - not slept, not asleep

Past Passive Participle (negative)

Nañ-compound. From a (not) + supta (slept, PPP of svap). Forms a locative absolute.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+supta)

• a – not, un-, in-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• supta – slept, asleep, dormant
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root svap (to sleep) + kta suffix.
  Root: svap (class 2)

Note: Used in a locative absolute construction.

प्रस्वपेत (prasvapeta) - should sleep

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of prasvap

Optative Mood

3rd person singular present optative active.

Prefix: pra

Root: svap (class 2)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.