महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-234, verse-16

आयुषस्तु चतुर्भागं ब्रह्मचार्यनसूयकः ।
गुरौ वा गुरुपुत्रे वा वसेद्धर्मार्थकोविदः ॥१६॥

16. āyuṣastu caturbhāgaṁ brahmacāryanasūyakaḥ ,
gurau vā guruputre vā vaseddharmārthakovidaḥ.

16. āyuṣaḥ tu caturbhāgam brahmacārī anasūyakaḥ
gurau vā gurupuputre vā vaset dharmārthakovidaḥ

16. tu anasūyakaḥ dharmārthakovidaḥ brahmacārī
āyuṣaḥ caturbhāgam gurau vā gurupuputre vā vaset

16. A celibate student (brahmacārin), who is not envious and is skilled in matters of natural law (dharma) and material prosperity, should reside for a quarter of his life with his teacher (guru) or the teacher's son.

Words meanings summery:

• आयुषः (āyuṣaḥ) - of one's life (of life, of duration)

• तु (tu) - and (but, and, indeed, however)

• चतुर्भागम् (caturbhāgam) - a quarter part (a fourth part)

• ब्रह्मचारी (brahmacārī) - a celibate student (brahmacārin) (celibate student, one who practices brahmacarya)

• अनसूयकः (anasūyakaḥ) - not envious (not envious, not fault-finding)

• गुरौ (gurau) - with his teacher (guru) (in the teacher, with the teacher)

• वा (vā) - or (or, either)

• गुरुपुपुत्रे (gurupuputre) - with the teacher's son (in the guru's son, with the guru's son)

• वा (vā) - or (or, either)

• वसेत् (vaset) - should reside (should live, should dwell, should reside)

• धर्मार्थकोविदः (dharmārthakovidaḥ) - skilled in matters of natural law (dharma) and material prosperity (skilled in dharma and artha)

Words meanings and morphology

आयुषः (āyuṣaḥ) - of one's life (of life, of duration)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of āyus

āyus - life, duration of life, vitality

तु (tu) - and (but, and, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

particle

चतुर्भागम् (caturbhāgam) - a quarter part (a fourth part)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of caturbhāga

caturbhāga - a fourth part, a quarter

Tatpuruṣa compound

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (catur+bhāga)

• catur – four
  numeral
• bhāga – share, portion, part
  noun (masculine)
  derived from √bhaj
  Root: bhaj (class 1)

Note: Functions adverbially to indicate duration or extent.

ब्रह्मचारी (brahmacārī) - a celibate student (brahmacārin) (celibate student, one who practices brahmacarya)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of brahmacārin

brahmacārin - celibate student, one who observes religious student life (brahmacarya)

agent noun from brahmacarya (study of Vedas and celibacy)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (brahman+carin)

• brahman – Vedas, sacred knowledge
  noun (neuter)
  Root: bṛh (class 1)
• carin – practicing, behaving, moving, following
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent Noun
  suffix -in added to √car
  Root: car (class 1)

अनसूयकः (anasūyakaḥ) - not envious (not envious, not fault-finding)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anasūyaka

anasūyaka - not envious, not fault-finding, not malevolent

Nañ-tatpuruṣa compound a + asūyaka

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+asūyaka)

• a – not, non-, without
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• asūyaka – envious, fault-finding
  adjective (masculine)
  from √asūy
  Root: asūy (class 10)

Note: Agrees with brahmacārī.

गुरौ (gurau) - with his teacher (guru) (in the teacher, with the teacher)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of guru

guru - teacher, spiritual guide, heavy, important

Root: gṝ (class 6)

वा (vā) - or (or, either)

(indeclinable)

particle

गुरुपुपुत्रे (gurupuputre) - with the teacher's son (in the guru's son, with the guru's son)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of guruputra

guruputra - teacher's son

Tatpuruṣa compound

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (guru+putra)

• guru – teacher, spiritual guide
  noun (masculine)
  Root: gṝ (class 6)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

वा (vā) - or (or, either)

(indeclinable)

particle

वसेत् (vaset) - should reside (should live, should dwell, should reside)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of √vas

optative mood

3rd person singular active optative of √vas (class 1)

Root: vas (class 1)

धर्मार्थकोविदः (dharmārthakovidaḥ) - skilled in matters of natural law (dharma) and material prosperity (skilled in dharma and artha)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmārthakovida

dharmārthakovida - skilled in dharma and artha

Tatpuruṣa compound (dharmārtha + kovida) or Dvandva + Tatpuruṣa

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+artha+kovida)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, righteousness, duty
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, material prosperity
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ṛ (class 3)
• kovida – skilled, learned, conversant with
  adjective (masculine)
  Prefix: ku
  Root: vid (class 6)

Note: Agrees with brahmacārī.