महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-234, verse-17

कर्मातिरेकेण गुरोरध्येतव्यं बुभूषता ।
दक्षिणो नापवादी स्यादाहूतो गुरुमाश्रयेत् ॥१७॥

17. karmātirekeṇa guroradhyetavyaṁ bubhūṣatā ,
dakṣiṇo nāpavādī syādāhūto gurumāśrayet.

17. karmātirekeṇa guroḥ adhyetavyam bubhūṣatā
dakṣiṇaḥ na apavādī syāt āhūtaḥ gurum āśrayet

17. bubhūṣatā karmātirekeṇa guroḥ adhyetavyam (syāt)
dakṣiṇaḥ apavādī na syāt āhūtaḥ gurum āśrayet

17. One who desires to prosper should study beyond his regular duties with the teacher (guru). He should be prompt, not fault-finding, and should approach his teacher (guru) when summoned.

Words meanings summery:

• कर्मातिरेकेण (karmātirekeṇa) - by performing additional duties, beyond his regular duties (by excess of work, by means of additional duties)

• गुरोः (guroḥ) - from the teacher (guru) (of the teacher, from the teacher)

• अध्येतव्यम् (adhyetavyam) - should be studied (should be studied, to be learned)

• बुभूषता (bubhūṣatā) - by one who desires to prosper (by one desiring to be, by one desiring to prosper)

• दक्षिणः (dakṣiṇaḥ) - prompt, ready (to serve) (right, southern, clever, prompt, able)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• अपवादी (apavādī) - fault-finding (fault-finding, censuring, disputing)

• स्यात् (syāt) - should be (should be, may be)

• आहूतः (āhūtaḥ) - when called, having been summoned (called, summoned, invited)

• गुरुम् (gurum) - the teacher (guru) (teacher, spiritual guide)

• आश्रयेत् (āśrayet) - should approach (should resort to, should approach, should take refuge in)

Words meanings and morphology

कर्मातिरेकेण (karmātirekeṇa) - by performing additional duties, beyond his regular duties (by excess of work, by means of additional duties)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of karmātireka

karmātireka - excess of work, additional work/duty

Tatpuruṣa compound (karma + atireka)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (karma+atireka)

• karma – action, deed, duty, work
  noun (neuter)
  derived from √kṛ
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• atireka – excess, abundance, surplus
  noun (masculine)
  from ati-√ric
  Prefix: ati
  Root: ric (class 7)

गुरोः (guroḥ) - from the teacher (guru) (of the teacher, from the teacher)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of guru

guru - teacher, spiritual guide, heavy, important

Root: gṝ (class 6)

अध्येतव्यम् (adhyetavyam) - should be studied (should be studied, to be learned)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of adhyetavya

adhyetavya - to be studied, to be learned

Gerundive (Potential Passive Participle)

from √i with prefixes adhi + a (adhi-i > adhye) + tavya suffix

Prefixes: adhi+a

Root: i (class 2)

बुभूषता (bubhūṣatā) - by one who desires to prosper (by one desiring to be, by one desiring to prosper)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bubhūṣat

bubhūṣat - desiring to be, wishing to prosper, desiring existence

Present Active Participle (Desiderative)

from desiderative stem of √bhū ("to be")

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Agrees with an implied agent.

दक्षिणः (dakṣiṇaḥ) - prompt, ready (to serve) (right, southern, clever, prompt, able)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dakṣiṇa

dakṣiṇa - right, southern, clever, prompt, able, polite

Root: dakṣ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with implied subject (student).

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

negative particle

अपवादी (apavādī) - fault-finding (fault-finding, censuring, disputing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of apavādin

apavādin - fault-finding, censuring, disputing, complaining

agent noun from apa-√vad

suffix -in added to root √vad with prefix apa

Prefix: apa

Root: vad (class 1)

Note: Agrees with implied subject (student).

स्यात् (syāt) - should be (should be, may be)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of √as

optative mood

3rd person singular active optative of √as (class 2)

Root: as (class 2)

आहूतः (āhūtaḥ) - when called, having been summoned (called, summoned, invited)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āhūta

āhūta - called, summoned, invited

Past Passive Participle

from √hve (or √hu) with prefix ā

Prefix: ā

Root: hve (class 1)

Note: Functions as a conditional clause 'if called'.

गुरुम् (gurum) - the teacher (guru) (teacher, spiritual guide)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of guru

guru - teacher, spiritual guide, heavy, important

Root: gṝ (class 6)

Note: Object of āśrayet.

आश्रयेत् (āśrayet) - should approach (should resort to, should approach, should take refuge in)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of ā-√śri

optative mood

3rd person singular active optative of √śri with prefix ā

Prefix: ā

Root: śri (class 1)