महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-163, verse-4

स कथंचित्ततस्तस्मात्सार्थान्मुक्तो द्विजस्तदा ।
कांदिग्भूतो जीवितार्थी प्रदुद्रावोत्तरां दिशम् ॥४॥

4. sa kathaṁcittatastasmātsārthānmukto dvijastadā ,
kāṁdigbhūto jīvitārthī pradudrāvottarāṁ diśam.

4. saḥ kathaṃcit tataḥ tasmāt sārthāt muktaḥ dvijaḥ tadā
kāndigbhūtaḥ jīvitārthī pradudrāva uttarām diśam

4. tadā saḥ dvijaḥ kathaṃcit tataḥ tasmāt sārthāt muktaḥ
kāndigbhūtaḥ jīvitārthī uttarām diśam pradudrāva

4. That Brahmin (dvija), then, somehow freed from that caravan, became bewildered and, desiring to save his life, ran towards the northern direction.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• कथंचित् (kathaṁcit) - somehow, by any means

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, from there

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - from that

• सार्थात् (sārthāt) - from the caravan

• मुक्तः (muktaḥ) - freed, released

• द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - the Brahmin (twice-born)

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• कान्दिग्भूतः (kāndigbhūtaḥ) - bewildered, terrified

• जीवितार्थी (jīvitārthī) - desirous of life, seeking to live

• प्रदुद्राव (pradudrāva) - ran forth, fled

• उत्तराम् (uttarām) - northern (direction) (northern, upper, later)

• दिशम् (diśam) - direction, quarter

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, this

कथंचित् (kathaṁcit) - somehow, by any means

(indeclinable)

From 'katham' (how) + 'cit' (particle of indefiniteness)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, from there

(indeclinable)

Suffix -tas added to 'tad'

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - from that

(pronoun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, this

सार्थात् (sārthāt) - from the caravan

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of sārtha

sārtha - caravan, company of merchants, group

From 'artha' (purpose, wealth) with prefix 'sa' (with), meaning 'having a common purpose/wealth'.

मुक्तः (muktaḥ) - freed, released

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mukta

mukta - freed, liberated, released, let loose

Past Passive Participle

From root 'muc' (to release, free)

Root: muc (class 6)

द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - the Brahmin (twice-born)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dvija

dvija - twice-born (Brahmin, bird, tooth)

Derived from 'jan' (to be born) with prefix 'dvi' (twice).

Root: jan (class 4)

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

From 'tad' (that) + suffix -dā

कान्दिग्भूतः (kāndigbhūtaḥ) - bewildered, terrified

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāndigbhūta

kāndigbhūta - bewildered, terrified, confused in all directions, perplexed

Compound of 'kāndik' (lost one's way) + 'bhūta' (become).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kāndik+bhūta)

• kāndik – one who has lost their way, perplexed
  adjective
• bhūta – become, happened, past
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'bhū' (to be, become)
  Root: bhū (class 1)

जीवितार्थी (jīvitārthī) - desirous of life, seeking to live

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jīvitārthin

jīvitārthin - desirous of life, seeking to live

Compound of 'jīvita' (life) + 'arthin' (desiring).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jīvita+arthin)

• jīvita – life, livelihood; lived
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle (substantivized)
  From root 'jīv' (to live)
  Root: jīv (class 1)
• arthin – desirous, seeking, petitioner
  adjective (masculine)
  From 'artha' (purpose, object) + suffix -in

प्रदुद्राव (pradudrāva) - ran forth, fled

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of dru

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular

From root 'dru' with prefix 'pra'

Prefix: pra

Root: dru (class 1)

उत्तराम् (uttarām) - northern (direction) (northern, upper, later)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of uttara

uttara - northern, upper, later, subsequent, superior, answer

दिशम् (diśam) - direction, quarter

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of diś

diś - direction, quarter, region