महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-163, verse-1

भीष्म उवाच ।
तस्यां निशायां व्युष्टायां गते तस्मिन्द्विजोत्तमे ।
निष्क्रम्य गौतमोऽगच्छत्समुद्रं प्रति भारत ॥१॥

1. bhīṣma uvāca ,
tasyāṁ niśāyāṁ vyuṣṭāyāṁ gate tasmindvijottame ,
niṣkramya gautamo'gacchatsamudraṁ prati bhārata.

1. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca tasyām niśāyām vyuṣṭāyām gate tasmin dvijottame
niṣkramya gautamaḥ agacchat samudram prati bhārata

1. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca bhārata tasyām niśāyām vyuṣṭāyām tasmin
dvijottame gate gautamaḥ niṣkramya samudram prati agacchat

1. Bhishma said: O Bhārata, when that night had dawned and that excellent Brahmin (dvija) had departed, Gautama, having left, went towards the sea.

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma (a name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• तस्याम् (tasyām) - in that, on that

• निशायाम् (niśāyām) - in the night

• व्युष्टायाम् (vyuṣṭāyām) - having dawned, having passed (of night)

• गते (gate) - having gone, departed

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that, by that

• द्विजोत्तमे (dvijottame) - referring to the excellent Brahmin who had previously been mentioned. (in the best of the twice-born (Brahmins))

• निष्क्रम्य (niṣkramya) - having gone out, having departed

• गौतमः (gautamaḥ) - Gautama (a sage's name)

• अगच्छत् (agacchat) - went

• समुद्रम् (samudram) - the sea, ocean

• प्रति (prati) - towards, against, concerning

• भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata (descendant of Bharata, a general address in the Mahābhārata)

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma (a name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (a revered warrior and elder in the Mahābhārata)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular

Irregular perfect formation from root vac

Root: vac (class 2)

तस्याम् (tasyām) - in that, on that

(pronoun)

Locative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, this

निशायाम् (niśāyām) - in the night

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of niśā

niśā - night

व्युष्टायाम् (vyuṣṭāyām) - having dawned, having passed (of night)

(adjective)

Locative, feminine, singular of vyuṣṭa

vyuṣṭa - dawned, passed (referring to night), illuminated

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'vas' (to shine, to dwell) with prefix 'vi'.

Prefix: vi

Root: vas (class 2)

Note: Acts as part of locative absolute construction.

गते (gate) - having gone, departed

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, departed, reached, attained

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'gam' (to go).

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Acts as part of locative absolute construction, agreeing with 'tasmin dvijottame'.

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that, by that

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, this

द्विजोत्तमे (dvijottame) - referring to the excellent Brahmin who had previously been mentioned. (in the best of the twice-born (Brahmins))

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of dvijottama

dvijottama - best among the twice-born; excellent Brahmin

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dvija+uttama)

• dvija – twice-born (Brahmin, bird, tooth)
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from 'jan' (to be born) with prefix 'dvi' (twice).
  Root: jan (class 4)
• uttama – best, highest, excellent
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative form of 'ud' (up).

Note: Refers to the excellent Brahmin.

निष्क्रम्य (niṣkramya) - having gone out, having departed

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed from 'kram' (to step) with prefix 'nis'.

Prefix: nis

Root: kram (class 1)

गौतमः (gautamaḥ) - Gautama (a sage's name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gautama

gautama - Gautama (a proper name, often a sage or lineage name)

अगच्छत् (agacchat) - went

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of gam

Imperfect tense, 3rd person singular

From root 'gam' with augment 'a' and personal ending 't'.

Root: gam (class 1)

समुद्रम् (samudram) - the sea, ocean

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of samudra

samudra - ocean, sea

प्रति (prati) - towards, against, concerning

(indeclinable)

Note: Preposition governing the accusative case (samudram).

भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata (descendant of Bharata, a general address in the Mahābhārata)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, relating to Bharata, Indian

Patronymic.