महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-163, verse-3

स तु सार्थो महाराज कस्मिंश्चिद्गिरिगह्वरे ।
मत्तेन द्विरदेनाथ निहतः प्रायशोऽभवत् ॥३॥

3. sa tu sārtho mahārāja kasmiṁścidgirigahvare ,
mattena dviradenātha nihataḥ prāyaśo'bhavat.

3. saḥ tu sārthaḥ mahārāja kasmin cit giri-gahvare
mattena dviradena atha nihataḥ prāyaśaḥ abhavat

3. mahārāja saḥ tu sārthaḥ kasmin cit giri-gahvare
mattena dviradena atha prāyaśaḥ nihataḥ abhavat

3. But that caravan, O great king, was mostly destroyed in some mountain ravine by a maddened elephant.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - that, he

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• सार्थः (sārthaḥ) - caravan, company

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

• कस्मिन् (kasmin) - in which, in some

• चित् (cit) - some, any (particle)

• गिरि-गह्वरे (giri-gahvare) - in a mountain cavern, in a mountain ravine

• मत्तेन (mattena) - by a maddened one, by an intoxicated one

• द्विरदेन (dviradena) - by an elephant

• अथ (atha) - and, then, moreover

• निहतः (nihataḥ) - killed, struck down, destroyed

• प्रायशः (prāyaśaḥ) - mostly, for the most part, almost

• अभवत् (abhavat) - became, was

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - that, he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, this

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

सार्थः (sārthaḥ) - caravan, company

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sārtha

sārtha - caravan, company of merchants, group

From 'artha' (purpose, wealth) with prefix 'sa' (with), meaning 'having a common purpose/wealth'.

महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

कस्मिन् (kasmin) - in which, in some

(pronoun)

Locative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, who

Note: Agrees with 'gahvare'.

चित् (cit) - some, any (particle)

(indeclinable)

गिरि-गह्वरे (giri-gahvare) - in a mountain cavern, in a mountain ravine

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of giri-gahvara

giri-gahvara - mountain cavern, mountain ravine, mountain cave

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (giri+gahvara)

• giri – mountain, hill
  noun (masculine)
• gahvara – cavern, cave, ravine; deep, difficult
  noun (neuter)

मत्तेन (mattena) - by a maddened one, by an intoxicated one

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of matta

matta - maddened, intoxicated, frenzied, passionate, proud

Past Passive Participle

From root 'mad' (to rejoice, be intoxicated)

Root: mad (class 4)

द्विरदेन (dviradena) - by an elephant

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dvirada

dvirada - elephant (lit. 'having two teeth/tusks')

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dvi+rada)

• dvi – two
  numeral
• rada – tooth, tusk
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'rad' (to tear, bite)
  Root: rad (class 1)

अथ (atha) - and, then, moreover

(indeclinable)

निहतः (nihataḥ) - killed, struck down, destroyed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nihata

nihata - struck, killed, destroyed, defeated

Past Passive Participle

From root 'han' (to strike, kill) with prefix 'ni'

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

प्रायशः (prāyaśaḥ) - mostly, for the most part, almost

(indeclinable)

From 'prāya' (multitude) + suffix -śas

अभवत् (abhavat) - became, was

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Imperfect tense, 3rd person singular

From root 'bhū' with augment 'a'

Root: bhū (class 1)