महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-163, verse-22

राजधर्मोवाच ।
स्वागतं भवते विप्र दिष्ट्या प्राप्तोऽसि मे गृहम् ।
अस्तं च सविता यातः संध्येयं समुपस्थिता ॥२२॥

22. rājadharmovāca ,
svāgataṁ bhavate vipra diṣṭyā prāpto'si me gṛham ,
astaṁ ca savitā yātaḥ saṁdhyeyaṁ samupasthitā.

22. rājadharmaḥ uvāca svāgatam bhavate vipra diṣṭyā prāptaḥ asi
me gṛham astam ca savitā yātaḥ saṃdhyā iyam samupasthitā

22. Rājadharmaḥ uvāca.
Vipra,
bhavate svāgatam.
Diṣṭyā me gṛham prāptaḥ asi.
Ca savitā astam yātaḥ.
Iyam saṃdhyā samupasthitā.

22. Rajadharma spoke: "Welcome to you, O brahmin (vipra)! Fortunately, you have come to my house. The sun (savitā) has set, and this twilight (saṃdhyā) has just appeared."

Words meanings summery:

• राजधर्मः (rājadharmaḥ) - Rajadharma (name of a king)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

• स्वागतम् (svāgatam) - welcome, well-come

• भवते (bhavate) - to you, for you (honorific)

• विप्र (vipra) - O brahmin (vocative) (brahmin, inspired, wise)

• दिष्ट्या (diṣṭyā) - fortunately, by good luck

• प्राप्तः (prāptaḥ) - arrived, obtained, reached

• असि (asi) - you are

• मे (me) - my (my, to me, for me)

• गृहम् (gṛham) - house, home

• अस्तम् (astam) - to the setting point (setting, disappearance, west)

• च (ca) - and, also

• सविता (savitā) - the sun (the sun, procreator)

• यातः (yātaḥ) - gone, departed

• संध्या (saṁdhyā) - twilight, junction (of day and night)

• इयम् (iyam) - this (feminine)

• समुपस्थिता (samupasthitā) - present, arrived, occurred

Words meanings and morphology

राजधर्मः (rājadharmaḥ) - Rajadharma (name of a king)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājadharma

rājadharma - king's law, royal duty, name of a king

Compound type : tatpurusha (rājan+dharma)

• rājan – king
  noun (masculine)
• dharma – duty, righteousness, law, intrinsic nature
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

Root vac, 3rd person singular

Root: vac (class 2)

स्वागतम् (svāgatam) - welcome, well-come

(indeclinable)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (su+āgata)

• su – good, well, excellent
  indeclinable
• āgata – come, arrived
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From √gam with prefix ā-
  Prefix: ā
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Acts as an adverb or noun here.

भवते (bhavate) - to you, for you (honorific)

(pronoun)

Dative, masculine, singular of bhavat

bhavat - your honor, you (polite)

Present Active Participle

From √bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: To you, for you.

विप्र (vipra) - O brahmin (vocative) (brahmin, inspired, wise)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vipra

vipra - brahmin, inspired, wise, sage

Note: Direct address.

दिष्ट्या (diṣṭyā) - fortunately, by good luck

(indeclinable)

Note: From 'diṣṭi', used adverbially as 'fortunately'.

प्राप्तः (prāptaḥ) - arrived, obtained, reached

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prāpta

prāpta - reached, obtained, arrived

Past Passive Participle

From √āp with prefix pra-

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Agrees with the implied subject 'you' (bhavat).

असि (asi) - you are

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Present Active

Root as, 2nd person singular

Root: as (class 2)

मे (me) - my (my, to me, for me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, my, me, us, our

Note: Possessive.

गृहम् (gṛham) - house, home

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of gṛha

gṛha - house, home, dwelling

Note: Object of motion implied by 'prāptaḥ'.

अस्तम् (astam) - to the setting point (setting, disappearance, west)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of asta

asta - setting (of sun/moon), disappearance, western mountain

Note: Adverbial accusative of place/direction.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the two clauses.

सविता (savitā) - the sun (the sun, procreator)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of savitṛ

savitṛ - the sun (savitā), generator, instigator

Agent noun from √sū

Root: sū (class 2)

Note: Subject of 'yātaḥ'.

यातः (yātaḥ) - gone, departed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yāta

yāta - gone, departed, moved

Past Passive Participle

From √yā

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Predicative for 'savitā'.

संध्या (saṁdhyā) - twilight, junction (of day and night)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of saṃdhyā

saṁdhyā - twilight (saṃdhyā), evening, junction, juncture

Note: Subject of 'samupasthitā'.

इयम् (iyam) - this (feminine)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Agrees with 'saṃdhyā'.

समुपस्थिता (samupasthitā) - present, arrived, occurred

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of samupasthita

samupasthita - arrived, present, standing near

Past Passive Participle

From √sthā with prefixes sam- and upa-

Prefixes: sam+upa

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Predicative for 'saṃdhyā'.