महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-147, verse-16

शौनक उवाच ।
छित्त्वा स्तम्भं च मानं च प्रीतिमिच्छामि ते नृप ।
सर्वभूतहिते तिष्ठ धर्मं चैव प्रतिस्मर ॥१६॥

16. śaunaka uvāca ,
chittvā stambhaṁ ca mānaṁ ca prītimicchāmi te nṛpa ,
sarvabhūtahite tiṣṭha dharmaṁ caiva pratismara.

16. śaunaka uvāca chittvā stambham ca mānam ca prītim icchāmi
te nṛpa sarvabhūtahite tiṣṭha dharmam ca eva pratismara

16. śaunaka uvāca nṛpa,
stambham ca mānam ca chittvā,
te prītim icchāmi sarvabhūtahite tiṣṭha ca eva dharmam pratismara

16. Śaunaka said: "O King, giving up both obstinacy and conceit, I wish for your well-being. Abide in the welfare of all beings, and always remember your natural law (dharma)."

Words meanings summery:

• शौनक (śaunaka) - The sage Śaunaka, speaker of this verse. (Śaunaka (proper name))

• उवाच (uvāca) - Śaunaka said. (said, spoke)

• छित्त्वा (chittvā) - Refers to Janamejaya casting aside pride and arrogance. (having cut, having broken, having cast aside)

• स्तम्भम् (stambham) - Here, referring to a negative quality to be overcome by the king, 'obstinacy' or 'stiffness'. (pride, stiffness, obstinacy, pillar)

• च (ca) - Connects 'stambham' and 'mānam'. (and, also)

• मानम् (mānam) - Paired with 'stambham', it refers to a negative trait, 'conceit' or 'arrogance'. (arrogance, conceit, pride, honor, respect)

• च (ca) - Connects 'stambham' and 'mānam' as a pair. (and, also)

• प्रीतिम् (prītim) - The object of Śaunaka's desire for the king. (affection, love, goodwill, pleasure, satisfaction)

• इच्छामि (icchāmi) - Śaunaka expresses his wish for the king. (I desire, I wish)

• ते (te) - Refers to King Janamejaya. (for you, to you)

• नृप (nṛpa) - Śaunaka addresses Janamejaya as King. (O King)

• सर्वभूतहिते (sarvabhūtahite) - Śaunaka instructs the king to remain committed to this principle. (in the welfare of all beings)

• तिष्ठ (tiṣṭha) - Imperative command to the king to remain in that state of mind. (stand, remain, abide, exist)

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - The object that the king is commanded to remember. (natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness)

• च (ca) - Connects the two commands: 'abide in welfare' and 'remember dharma'. (and, also)

• एव (eva) - Emphasizes the command to remember dharma. (indeed, only, certainly)

• प्रतिस्मर (pratismara) - Imperative command to the king to remember his dharma. (remember, recall, think of)

Words meanings and morphology

शौनक (śaunaka) - The sage Śaunaka, speaker of this verse. (Śaunaka (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śaunaka

śaunaka - Śaunaka (name of a sage)

उवाच (uvāca) - Śaunaka said. (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, Parasmaipada of √vac

Root: vac (class 2)

छित्त्वा (chittvā) - Refers to Janamejaya casting aside pride and arrogance. (having cut, having broken, having cast aside)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from √chid + -tvā suffix

Root: chid (class 7)

Note: Acts as a conjunction to the main verb 'icchāmi'.

स्तम्भम् (stambham) - Here, referring to a negative quality to be overcome by the king, 'obstinacy' or 'stiffness'. (pride, stiffness, obstinacy, pillar)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of stambha

stambha - pillar, post, stiffness, pride, obstinacy

Root: stabh (class 5)

Note: Object of 'chittvā'.

च (ca) - Connects 'stambham' and 'mānam'. (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used as a conjunction.

मानम् (mānam) - Paired with 'stambham', it refers to a negative trait, 'conceit' or 'arrogance'. (arrogance, conceit, pride, honor, respect)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of māna

māna - pride, arrogance, conceit, honor, respect, measure

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Object of 'chittvā'.

च (ca) - Connects 'stambham' and 'mānam' as a pair. (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used as a conjunction.

प्रीतिम् (prītim) - The object of Śaunaka's desire for the king. (affection, love, goodwill, pleasure, satisfaction)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of prīti

prīti - affection, love, goodwill, pleasure, joy

Root: prī (class 9)

इच्छामि (icchāmi) - Śaunaka expresses his wish for the king. (I desire, I wish)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (lat) of iṣ

Present tense, 1st person singular, Parasmaipada of √iṣ (class 6/4)

Root: iṣ (class 6)

Note: Often spelled icchāmi from √iṣ, class 6, or sometimes derived from desiderative of √ap.

ते (te) - Refers to King Janamejaya. (for you, to you)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (singular/plural)

Note: Enclitic form of the dative singular 'for you'.

नृप (nṛpa) - Śaunaka addresses Janamejaya as King. (O King)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, ruler (lit. protector of men)

Compound: nṛ (man) + pa (protector, from √pā)

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (nṛ+pa)

• nṛ – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• pa – protector, preserver
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from √pā 'to protect'
  Root: pā (class 2)

सर्वभूतहिते (sarvabhūtahite) - Śaunaka instructs the king to remain committed to this principle. (in the welfare of all beings)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of sarvabhūtahita

sarvabhūtahita - welfare of all beings, beneficial to all creatures

Compound: sarva (all) + bhūta (beings) + hita (welfare)

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (sarva+bhūta+hita)

• sarva – all, every
  adjective (masculine)
• bhūta – being, creature, element, what has been
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past passive participle of √bhū 'to be'
  Root: bhū (class 1)
• hita – welfare, good, beneficial
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past passive participle of √dhā 'to place' (originally √hi 'to send, to move')
  Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: The compound is a Dative Tatpuruṣa or Locative Tatpuruṣa; here used in locative case.

तिष्ठ (tiṣṭha) - Imperative command to the king to remain in that state of mind. (stand, remain, abide, exist)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (lot) of sthā

Imperative mood, 2nd person singular, Parasmaipada of √sthā

Root: sthā (class 1)

धर्मम् (dharmam) - The object that the king is commanded to remember. (natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty, virtue

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

च (ca) - Connects the two commands: 'abide in welfare' and 'remember dharma'. (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used as a conjunction.

एव (eva) - Emphasizes the command to remember dharma. (indeed, only, certainly)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

प्रतिस्मर (pratismara) - Imperative command to the king to remember his dharma. (remember, recall, think of)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (lot) of pratismṛ

Imperative mood, 2nd person singular, Parasmaipada of √smṛ with prefix prati-

Prefix: prati

Root: smṛ (class 1)