महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-147, verse-8

अर्वाक्च प्रतितिष्ठन्ति पुलिन्दशबरा इव ।
न ह्ययज्ञा अमुं लोकं प्राप्नुवन्ति कथंचन ॥८॥

8. arvākca pratitiṣṭhanti pulindaśabarā iva ,
na hyayajñā amuṁ lokaṁ prāpnuvanti kathaṁcana.

8. arvāk ca pratitiṣṭhanti pulindaśabarāḥ iva na
hi ayajñāḥ amum lokam prāpnuvanti kathaṃcana

8. pulindaśabarāḥ iva (anye janāḥ) ca arvāk pratitiṣṭhanti.
(tu) hi ayajñāḥ amum lokam kathaṃcana na prāpnuvanti.

8. Even tribes like the Pulindas and Śabaras find their place (in this world). However, those who do not perform Vedic rituals (ayajña) can never attain that (higher) world.

Words meanings summery:

• अर्वाक् (arvāk) - in a lower position, lower (socially) (downwards, lower, towards this side, subsequently)

• च (ca) - and, even (and, also)

• प्रतितिष्ठन्ति (pratitiṣṭhanti) - they establish themselves, find their place (they stand, they exist, they establish themselves)

• पुलिन्दशबराः (pulindaśabarāḥ) - (tribes like) the Pulindas and Śabaras (Pulindas and Śabaras (tribal peoples))

• इव (iva) - like, as (like, as, as it were)

• न (na) - not

• हि (hi) - however, indeed (indeed, surely, because, for)

• अयज्ञाः (ayajñāḥ) - those who do not perform Vedic rituals (ayajña) (those without Vedic rituals, those not performing Vedic rituals)

• अमुम् (amum) - that (higher) (that, yonder)

• लोकम् (lokam) - realm, world (world, realm, people)

• प्राप्नुवन्ति (prāpnuvanti) - they attain (they obtain, they reach, they attain)

• कथंचन (kathaṁcana) - never (with negation) (by any means, somehow, never (with negation))

Words meanings and morphology

अर्वाक् (arvāk) - in a lower position, lower (socially) (downwards, lower, towards this side, subsequently)

(indeclinable)

From arva + añc. The k is from the final consonant of the stem when not followed by a vowel or soft consonant.

Root: añc (class 5)

Note: Acts adverbially.

च (ca) - and, even (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes that even those groups.

प्रतितिष्ठन्ति (pratitiṣṭhanti) - they establish themselves, find their place (they stand, they exist, they establish themselves)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of pratiṣṭhā

Present tense, 3rd person plural, active voice, indicative mood, derived from prati + sthā

Prefix: prati

Root: sthā (class 1)

पुलिन्दशबराः (pulindaśabarāḥ) - (tribes like) the Pulindas and Śabaras (Pulindas and Śabaras (tribal peoples))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pulindaśabara

pulindaśabara - Pulindas and Śabaras (names of aboriginal tribes)

Dvandva compound listing two tribal groups

Compound type : dvandva (pulinda+śabara)

• pulinda – name of an aboriginal tribe
  proper noun (masculine)
• śabara – name of an aboriginal tribe
  proper noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of 'pratitiṣṭhanti'.

इव (iva) - like, as (like, as, as it were)

(indeclinable)

Particle of comparison

Note: Indicates comparison.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Negative particle

Note: Negates the verb 'prāpnuvanti'.

हि (hi) - however, indeed (indeed, surely, because, for)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used here with a sense of 'but' or 'however' in contrast to the previous clause.

अयज्ञाः (ayajñāḥ) - those who do not perform Vedic rituals (ayajña) (those without Vedic rituals, those not performing Vedic rituals)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ayajña

ayajña - without sacrifice, not performing Vedic rituals, impious

Negative compound with 'a' + yajña

Compound type : nan-tatpurusha (a+yajña)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• yajña – Vedic ritual, sacrifice, worship
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root yaj
  Root: yaj (class 1)

Note: Functions as a noun, subject of 'prāpnuvanti'.

अमुम् (amum) - that (higher) (that, yonder)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of adas

adas - that, yonder

Demonstrative pronoun, masculine accusative singular form

Note: Qualifies 'lokam'.

लोकम् (lokam) - realm, world (world, realm, people)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of loka

loka - world, realm, region, people

Derived from root lok (to see)

Root: lok (class 10)

Note: Direct object of 'prāpnuvanti'.

प्राप्नुवन्ति (prāpnuvanti) - they attain (they obtain, they reach, they attain)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of prāp

Present tense, 3rd person plural, active voice, indicative mood, derived from pra + āp

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

कथंचन (kathaṁcana) - never (with negation) (by any means, somehow, never (with negation))

(indeclinable)

From katham (how) + cana (even, any)

Note: Strengthens the negation.