महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-147, verse-10

शौनक उवाच ।
किमाश्चर्यं यतः प्राज्ञो बहु कुर्याद्धि सांप्रतम् ।
इति वै पण्डितो भूत्वा भूतानां नोपतप्यति ॥१०॥

10. śaunaka uvāca ,
kimāścaryaṁ yataḥ prājño bahu kuryāddhi sāṁpratam ,
iti vai paṇḍito bhūtvā bhūtānāṁ nopatapyati.

10. śaunaka uvāca kim āścaryam yataḥ prājñaḥ bahu kuryāt hi
sāmpratam iti vai paṇḍitaḥ bhūtvā bhūtānām na upatapyati

10. śaunaka uvāca kim āścaryam yataḥ prājñaḥ sāmpratam bahu
hi kuryāt iti vai paṇḍitaḥ bhūtvā bhūtānām na upatapyati

10. Shaunaka said: What wonder is it that a wise man should accomplish much now? For, having become truly wise, he certainly does not torment (upatapyati) living beings.

Words meanings summery:

• शौनक (śaunaka) - Shaunaka

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

• किम् (kim) - what, why

• आश्चर्यम् (āścaryam) - wonder, surprise, astonishing thing

• यतः (yataḥ) - why, wherefore (introducing the reason or cause for the wonder) (from whom, from which, because, wherefore)

• प्राज्ञः (prājñaḥ) - wise man, learned person

• बहु (bahu) - much, many, great

• कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - he should accomplish (he should do, he might do, he would do)

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

• साम्प्रतम् (sāmpratam) - now, at present, suitably

• इति (iti) - thus, in this manner, so

• वै (vai) - indeed, verily, surely

• पण्डितः (paṇḍitaḥ) - wise man, learned person

• भूत्वा (bhūtvā) - having become, having been

• भूतानाम् (bhūtānām) - of living beings (of beings, of creatures, of elements)

• न (na) - not, no

• उपतप्यति (upatapyati) - he torments, he pains, he distresses

Words meanings and morphology

शौनक (śaunaka) - Shaunaka

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śaunaka

śaunaka - Shaunaka (a proper name, name of a Rishi)

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of vac

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular

From root 'vac', perfect tense, active voice. Reduplicated.

Root: vac (class 2)

किम् (kim) - what, why

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, why, whether

Interrogative pronoun/adjective.

Note: Part of 'kim āścaryam'.

आश्चर्यम् (āścaryam) - wonder, surprise, astonishing thing

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of āścarya

āścarya - wonder, surprise, astonishment, marvelous

From 'ā-car' (to approach, to perform).

Root: car (class 1)

Note: Predicate nominative.

यतः (yataḥ) - why, wherefore (introducing the reason or cause for the wonder) (from whom, from which, because, wherefore)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial/conjunctive particle.

Note: Connects the main clause to the subordinate clause explaining the 'wonder'.

प्राज्ञः (prājñaḥ) - wise man, learned person

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prājña

prājña - wise, learned, intelligent, a wise man

From 'pra-jñā' (to know, discern) with suffix 'aṇ'.

Prefix: pra

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Subject of 'kuryāt'.

बहु (bahu) - much, many, great

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bahu

bahu - much, many, abundant, great

Note: Object of 'kuryāt'.

कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - he should accomplish (he should do, he might do, he would do)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (Liṅ) of kṛ

Optative mood, 3rd person singular

From root 'kṛ', optative mood, active voice.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

(indeclinable)

Particle.

साम्प्रतम् (sāmpratam) - now, at present, suitably

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form.

इति (iti) - thus, in this manner, so

(indeclinable)

Quotation marker or marker of conclusion/reason.

वै (vai) - indeed, verily, surely

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

पण्डितः (paṇḍitaḥ) - wise man, learned person

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paṇḍita

paṇḍita - learned, wise, scholar, expert

Derived from 'paṇḍā' (wisdom) or 'paṇḍ' (to collect, sum up).

Note: Subject of 'upatapyati'.

भूत्वा (bhūtvā) - having become, having been

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root 'bhū' with suffix '-tvā'.

Root: bhū (class 1)

भूतानाम् (bhūtānām) - of living beings (of beings, of creatures, of elements)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of bhūta

bhūta - being, creature, element, past, happened

Past Passive Participle (when used as adj)

From root 'bhū' (to be, become).

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Object of 'upatapyati'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Negation particle.

उपतप्यति (upatapyati) - he torments, he pains, he distresses

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (Laṭ) of tap

Present tense, 3rd person singular

From root 'tap' with prefix 'upa-', present tense, active voice. The active voice means 'to cause pain/torment'.

Prefix: upa

Root: tap (class 1)