महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-111, verse-28

दुर्गातितरणं ये च पठन्ति श्रावयन्ति च ।
पाठयन्ति च विप्रेभ्यो दुर्गाण्यतितरन्ति ते ॥२८॥

28. durgātitaraṇaṁ ye ca paṭhanti śrāvayanti ca ,
pāṭhayanti ca viprebhyo durgāṇyatitaranti te.

28. durgātitaraṇam ye ca paṭhanti śrāvayanti ca
pāṭhayanti ca viprebhyaḥ durgāṇi atitaranti te

28. ye ca durgātitaraṇam paṭhanti ca śrāvayanti ca
viprebhyaḥ pāṭhayanti te durgāṇi atitaranti

28. And those who read this teaching for overcoming difficulties, and those who cause (others) to hear it, and those who teach it to Brahmins, they overcome obstacles.

Words meanings summery:

• दुर्गातितरणम् (durgātitaraṇam) - this teaching for overcoming difficulties (overcoming difficulties; means of overcoming difficulties)

• ये (ye) - those who, which (relative pronoun)

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• पठन्ति (paṭhanti) - they read, they recite

• श्रावयन्ति (śrāvayanti) - they cause to hear, they recite (to others)

• पाठयन्ति (pāṭhayanti) - they cause to read, they teach

• विप्रेभ्यः (viprebhyaḥ) - to Brahmins, for Brahmins

• दुर्गाणि (durgāṇi) - difficulties, obstacles, hard passages

• अतितरन्ति (atitaranti) - they overcome, they cross over

• ते (te) - they, those

Words meanings and morphology

दुर्गातितरणम् (durgātitaraṇam) - this teaching for overcoming difficulties (overcoming difficulties; means of overcoming difficulties)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of durgātitaraṇa

durgātitaraṇa - overcoming difficulties; means of overcoming difficulties; crossing over obstacles

Compound type : tatpurusha (durga+ati+taraṇa)

• durga – difficulty, obstacle, fortress
  noun (neuter)
• ati – over, beyond, exceeding
  indeclinable
• taraṇa – crossing, passing over, accomplishing, means of crossing
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from root tṛ- with suffix -ana.
  Root: tṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of 'read', 'cause to hear', 'teach'.

ये (ye) - those who, which (relative pronoun)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ya

ya - who, which, what, whichever

Note: Subject of the sentence.

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

पठन्ति (paṭhanti) - they read, they recite

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present indicative (laṭ) of paṭh

Present Active Indicative

3rd person plural, active voice.

Root: paṭh (class 1)

श्रावयन्ति (śrāvayanti) - they cause to hear, they recite (to others)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present indicative (laṭ) of śrāvay

Causal Present Active Indicative

3rd person plural, active voice, causal stem from śru.

Root: śru (class 5)

पाठयन्ति (pāṭhayanti) - they cause to read, they teach

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present indicative (laṭ) of pāṭhay

Causal Present Active Indicative

3rd person plural, active voice, causal stem from paṭh.

Root: paṭh (class 1)

विप्रेभ्यः (viprebhyaḥ) - to Brahmins, for Brahmins

(noun)

Dative, masculine, plural of vipra

vipra - Brahmin, inspired one, wise man, sage

Note: Dative plural 'to Brahmins' is appropriate for the verb 'teach'.

दुर्गाणि (durgāṇi) - difficulties, obstacles, hard passages

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of durga

durga - difficulty, obstacle, fortress, inaccessible place

Note: Object of 'atitaranti'.

अतितरन्ति (atitaranti) - they overcome, they cross over

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present indicative (laṭ) of atitṛ

Present Active Indicative

3rd person plural, active voice, with prefix ati.

Prefix: ati

Root: tṛ (class 1)

ते (te) - they, those

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those