महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-111, verse-2

भीष्म उवाच ।
आश्रमेषु यथोक्तेषु यथोक्तं ये द्विजातयः ।
वर्तन्ते संयतात्मानो दुर्गाण्यतितरन्ति ते ॥२॥

2. bhīṣma uvāca ,
āśrameṣu yathokteṣu yathoktaṁ ye dvijātayaḥ ,
vartante saṁyatātmāno durgāṇyatitaranti te.

2. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca āśrameṣu yathā ukteṣu yathā uktam ye
dvijātayaḥ vartante saṃyatātmānaḥ durgāṇi atitaranti te

2. Bhīṣmaḥ uvāca.
Ye dvijātayaḥ,
yā ukteṣu āśrameṣu yathā uktam vartante (ca) saṃyatātmānaḥ (santi),
te durgāṇi atitaranti.

2. Bhīṣma said: 'Those who are twice-born (dvija), who live in the prescribed stages of life (āśrama) exactly as enjoined, and whose selves (ātman) are disciplined—they overcome difficulties (durga).'

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhīṣma (a proper name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• आश्रमेषु (āśrameṣu) - in the stages of life (āśrama) (in the stages of life, in hermitages)

• यथा (yathā) - as, just as, in which manner

• उक्तेषु (ukteṣu) - in the said, in the enjoined

• यथा (yathā) - as, just as, in which manner

• उक्तम् (uktam) - as said, as enjoined

• ये (ye) - who, those who

• द्विजातयः (dvijātayaḥ) - twice-born (dvija) (twice-born ones)

• वर्तन्ते (vartante) - they live, they exist, they behave

• संयतात्मानः (saṁyatātmānaḥ) - those whose selves (ātman) are disciplined (those with controlled selves)

• दुर्गाणि (durgāṇi) - difficulties (durga) (difficulties, distresses, strongholds)

• अतितरन्ति (atitaranti) - they overcome, they cross over

• ते (te) - they

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhīṣma (a proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - terrible; name of a prominent character in the Mahābhārata

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense, active voice, 3rd person singular

Root: vac (class 2)

आश्रमेषु (āśrameṣu) - in the stages of life (āśrama) (in the stages of life, in hermitages)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of āśrama

āśrama - stage of life, hermitage, religious retreat (āśrama)

Root: śram (class 4)

यथा (yathā) - as, just as, in which manner

(indeclinable)

उक्तेषु (ukteṣu) - in the said, in the enjoined

(adjective)

Locative, plural of ukta

ukta - said, spoken, enjoined, prescribed

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of vac, locative plural

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'āśrameṣu'.

यथा (yathā) - as, just as, in which manner

(indeclinable)

उक्तम् (uktam) - as said, as enjoined

(adjective)

neuter, singular of ukta

ukta - said, spoken, enjoined, prescribed

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of vac, neuter singular nominative/accusative (used adverbially)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Used adverbially here, meaning 'as prescribed'.

ये (ye) - who, those who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - which, what, whatever

Note: Refers to 'dvijātayaḥ'.

द्विजातयः (dvijātayaḥ) - twice-born (dvija) (twice-born ones)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dvijāti

dvijāti - twice-born, belonging to the three upper castes (Brāhmaṇa, Kṣatriya, Vaiśya)

Compound type : dvigu (dvi+jāti)

• dvi – two
  numeral
• jāti – birth, origin, class, caste
  noun (feminine)
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Refers to members of the three upper varṇas who undergo the upanayana (sacred thread) ceremony.

वर्तन्ते (vartante) - they live, they exist, they behave

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of vṛt

Present tense, middle voice, 3rd person plural

Root: vṛt (class 1)

संयतात्मानः (saṁyatātmānaḥ) - those whose selves (ātman) are disciplined (those with controlled selves)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of saṃyatātman

saṁyatātman - one whose self is controlled, self-controlled

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (saṃyata+ātman)

• saṃyata – controlled, restrained, self-restrained
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Past passive participle of yam (to restrain) with sam (together, completely)
  Prefix: sam
  Root: yam (class 1)
• ātman – self, soul, individual soul, supreme soul (ātman)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'ye dvijātayaḥ'.

दुर्गाणि (durgāṇi) - difficulties (durga) (difficulties, distresses, strongholds)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of durga

durga - difficult to pass, difficult, obstacle, stronghold, fortress

Prefix: dur

Root: gam (class 1)

अतितरन्ति (atitaranti) - they overcome, they cross over

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of ati-tṛ

Present tense, active voice, 3rd person plural

Prefix: ati

Root: tṛ (class 1)

ते (te) - they

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, it

Note: Corresponds to 'ye dvijātayaḥ'.