महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-111, verse-11

अनध्यायेषु ये विप्राः स्वाध्यायं नैव कुर्वते ।
तपोनित्याः सुतपसो दुर्गाण्यतितरन्ति ते ॥११॥

11. anadhyāyeṣu ye viprāḥ svādhyāyaṁ naiva kurvate ,
taponityāḥ sutapaso durgāṇyatitaranti te.

11. anadhyāyeṣu ye viprāḥ svādhyāyam na eva kurvate
taponityāḥ sutapasaḥ durgāṇi atitaranti te

11. ye viprāḥ anadhyāyeṣu svādhyāyam na eva kurvate
taponityāḥ sutapasaḥ te durgāṇi atitaranti

11. Those learned ones (vipra) who, during non-study days, certainly do not engage in self-study (svādhyāya), and who are constantly devoted to austerity (tapas) and practice great austerities, they overcome all difficulties.

Words meanings summery:

• अनध्यायेषु (anadhyāyeṣu) - during non-study days (during non-study days, on holidays from study)

• ये (ye) - those who (who, which, those who)

• विप्राः (viprāḥ) - learned ones (vipra) (Brahmins, learned ones, inspired ones)

• स्वाध्यायम् (svādhyāyam) - self-study (svādhyāya) (self-study, study of sacred texts)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• एव (eva) - certainly (certainly, indeed, only, just)

• कुर्वते (kurvate) - they engage in (they perform for themselves, they do)

• तपोनित्याः (taponityāḥ) - constantly devoted to austerity (tapas) (constantly devoted to austerity, perpetually ascetic)

• सुतपसः (sutapasaḥ) - and practice great austerities (those with good/great austerity, very ascetic)

• दुर्गाणि (durgāṇi) - all difficulties (difficulties, obstacles, fortresses (hard to access))

• अतितरन्ति (atitaranti) - they overcome (they overcome, they cross over, they surmount)

• ते (te) - they (they, those)

Words meanings and morphology

अनध्यायेषु (anadhyāyeṣu) - during non-study days (during non-study days, on holidays from study)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of anadhyāya

anadhyāya - non-study day, day on which sacred texts should not be read

negative compound 'an' (not) + 'adhyāya' (study)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (an+adhyāya)

• an – not, un-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• adhyāya – study, reading, lesson, chapter
  noun (masculine)
  verbal noun
  from root i 'to go' with prefix adhi-
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: indicates time/circumstance

ये (ye) - those who (who, which, those who)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what

विप्राः (viprāḥ) - learned ones (vipra) (Brahmins, learned ones, inspired ones)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vipra

vipra - inspired, wise, learned; a Brahmin, a sage

from root vip 'to tremble, be inspired'

Root: vip (class 1)

Note: subject of the verbs

स्वाध्यायम् (svādhyāyam) - self-study (svādhyāya) (self-study, study of sacred texts)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of svādhyāya

svādhyāya - self-study, study of one's own Veda or sacred texts

verbal noun

compound of 'sva' (self, own) and 'adhyāya' (study)

Compound type : tatpurusha (sva+adhyāya)

• sva – own, one's own, self
  pronoun/adjective (masculine/neuter)
• adhyāya – study, reading, lesson, chapter
  noun (masculine)
  verbal noun
  from root i 'to go' with prefix adhi-
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: object of 'kurvate'

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: negates 'kurvate'

एव (eva) - certainly (certainly, indeed, only, just)

(indeclinable)

Note: combined with 'na' for emphasis, 'not at all' or 'certainly not'

कुर्वते (kurvate) - they engage in (they perform for themselves, they do)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of kṛ

present middle

3rd person plural present indicative of root kṛ, middle voice (ātmanepada)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

तपोनित्याः (taponityāḥ) - constantly devoted to austerity (tapas) (constantly devoted to austerity, perpetually ascetic)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of taponitya

taponitya - constantly devoted to austerity

compound of 'tapas' (austerity) and 'nitya' (constant, eternal)

Compound type : tatpurusha (tapas+nitya)

• tapas – austerity, penance, heat, spiritual fervor
  noun (neuter)
  from root tap 'to heat, to perform austerity'
  Root: tap (class 1)
• nitya – constant, eternal, perpetual, regular
  adjective (masculine)

Note: modifies 'ye viprāḥ'

सुतपसः (sutapasaḥ) - and practice great austerities (those with good/great austerity, very ascetic)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sutapas

sutapas - performing great austerity, very ascetic, having good penance

compound of 'su' (good, great) and 'tapas' (austerity)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (su+tapas)

• su – good, well, excellent, very
  indeclinable
  prefix
• tapas – austerity, penance, heat, spiritual fervor
  noun (neuter)
  from root tap 'to heat, to perform austerity'
  Root: tap (class 1)

Note: modifies 'ye viprāḥ'

दुर्गाणि (durgāṇi) - all difficulties (difficulties, obstacles, fortresses (hard to access))

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of durga

durga - difficult to pass, inaccessible, impenetrable; a difficulty, an obstacle; a fortress, a stronghold

compound of 'dur' (difficult) and 'ga' (going)

Compound type : tatpurusha (dur+ga)

• dur – difficult, bad, hard, ill
  indeclinable
  prefix
• ga – going, moving; one who goes
  adjective (masculine)
  from root gam 'to go'
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: object of 'atitaranti'

अतितरन्ति (atitaranti) - they overcome (they overcome, they cross over, they surmount)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of atitar

present active

from root tṛ 'to cross' with prefix ati-

Prefix: ati

Root: tṛ (class 1)

ते (te) - they (they, those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those, he, she, it, they