महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-111, verse-1

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
क्लिश्यमानेषु भूतेषु तैस्तैर्भावैस्ततस्ततः ।
दुर्गाण्यतितरेद्येन तन्मे ब्रूहि पितामह ॥१॥

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
kliśyamāneṣu bhūteṣu taistairbhāvaistatastataḥ ,
durgāṇyatitaredyena tanme brūhi pitāmaha.

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca kliśyamāneṣu bhūteṣu taiḥ taiḥ bhāvaiḥ
tataḥ tataḥ durgāṇi atitaret yena tat me brūhi pitāmaha

1. Yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca.
Kliśyamāneṣu bhūteṣu,
taiḥ taiḥ bhāvaiḥ tataḥ tataḥ,
yena durgāṇi atitaret,
tat me,
pitāmaha,
brūhi.

1. Yudhiṣṭhira said: 'When living beings (bhūta) are suffering from various afflictions in many places, tell me, O Grandfather, the means by which one may overcome these difficulties (durga).'

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (a proper name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• क्लिश्यमानेषु (kliśyamāneṣu) - in those who are suffering, among the suffering

• भूतेषु (bhūteṣu) - among living beings (bhūta) (among beings, in creatures)

• तैः (taiḥ) - by those

• तैः (taiḥ) - by those

• भावैः (bhāvaiḥ) - by states, by conditions, by natures

• ततः (tataḥ) - from there, thence

• ततः (tataḥ) - from there, thence

• दुर्गाणि (durgāṇi) - difficulties (durga) (difficulties, distresses, strongholds)

• अतितरेत् (atitaret) - one may overcome, he should cross over

• येन (yena) - by which, by whom

• तत् (tat) - that, it

• मे (me) - to me, for me

• ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell, speak

• पितामह (pitāmaha) - O Grandfather

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (a proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - firm in battle; name of the eldest Pāṇḍava

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle
  noun (feminine)
  locative singular of yudh (battle)
• sthira – firm, stable, steady
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense, active voice, 3rd person singular

Root: vac (class 2)

क्लिश्यमानेषु (kliśyamāneṣu) - in those who are suffering, among the suffering

(adjective)

Locative, plural of kliśyamāna

kliśyamāna - suffering, distressed, being tormented

Present Middle Participle

Present middle passive participle, locative plural

Root: kliś (class 4)

Note: Agrees with `bhūteṣu`.

भूतेषु (bhūteṣu) - among living beings (bhūta) (among beings, in creatures)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of bhūta

bhūta - being, creature, element, past

Past Passive Participle

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Refers to sentient creatures or living beings.

तैः (taiḥ) - by those

(pronoun)

Instrumental, plural of tad

tad - that, it

Note: Used distributively with repetition.

तैः (taiḥ) - by those

(pronoun)

Instrumental, plural of tad

tad - that, it

Note: Used distributively with repetition.

भावैः (bhāvaiḥ) - by states, by conditions, by natures

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bhāva

bhāva - state, condition, nature, sentiment, feeling

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Refers to various conditions or types of suffering.

ततः (tataḥ) - from there, thence

(indeclinable)

Note: Used distributively with repetition to mean 'from various places'.

ततः (tataḥ) - from there, thence

(indeclinable)

Note: Used distributively with repetition to mean 'from various places'.

दुर्गाणि (durgāṇi) - difficulties (durga) (difficulties, distresses, strongholds)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of durga

durga - difficult to pass, difficult, obstacle, stronghold, fortress

Prefix: dur

Root: gam (class 1)

अतितरेत् (atitaret) - one may overcome, he should cross over

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of ati-tṛ

Optative mood, active voice, 3rd person singular

Prefix: ati

Root: tṛ (class 1)

येन (yena) - by which, by whom

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yad

yad - which, what, whatever

Note: Refers to the means or way to overcome difficulties.

तत् (tat) - that, it

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Note: Refers to the means being asked about.

मे (me) - to me, for me

(pronoun)

singular of aham

aham - I, myself

Note: Enclitic form of 'mama' or 'mahyam'.

ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell, speak

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of brū

Imperative mood, active voice, 2nd person singular

Root: brū (class 2)

पितामह (pitāmaha) - O Grandfather

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pitāmaha

pitāmaha - grandfather (father's father)

Note: Refers to Bhīṣma, Yudhiṣṭhira's great-uncle who served as a paternal figure.