महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-11, verse-4

तानाबभाषे भगवान्पक्षी भूत्वा हिरण्मयः ।
सुदुष्करं मनुष्यैश्च यत्कृतं विघसाशिभिः ॥४॥

4. tānābabhāṣe bhagavānpakṣī bhūtvā hiraṇmayaḥ ,
suduṣkaraṁ manuṣyaiśca yatkṛtaṁ vighasāśibhiḥ.

4. tān ābabhāṣe bhagavān pakṣī bhūtvā hiraṇmayaḥ
suduṣkaram manuṣyaiḥ ca yat kṛtam vighasāśibhiḥ

4. bhagavān hiraṇmayaḥ pakṣī bhūtvā tān ābabhāṣe yat
ca manuṣyaiḥ vighasāśibhiḥ kṛtam (tat) suduṣkaram

4. The venerable golden bird, appearing before them, said, "What you, as humans subsisting on leftovers, have accomplished is extremely difficult."

Words meanings summery:

• तान् (tān) - them

• आबभाषे (ābabhāṣe) - spoke, addressed

• भगवान् (bhagavān) - venerable, divine (divine, venerable, fortunate, glorious)

• पक्षी (pakṣī) - bird

• भूत्वा (bhūtvā) - appearing as (lit. having become) (having been, having become)

• हिरण्मयः (hiraṇmayaḥ) - golden, made of gold

• सुदुष्करम् (suduṣkaram) - extremely difficult (very difficult, extremely hard to do)

• मनुष्यैः (manuṣyaiḥ) - by humans, by men

• च (ca) - and

• यत् (yat) - what (which, what)

• कृतम् (kṛtam) - accomplished (done, made, performed)

• विघसाशिभिः (vighasāśibhiḥ) - by those subsisting on leftovers (by those who eat leftovers)

Words meanings and morphology

तान् (tān) - them

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: masculine accusative plural form of 'tad'

आबभाषे (ābabhāṣe) - spoke, addressed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past perfect (lit) of bhāṣ

Perfect

From root 'bhāṣ' (to speak) with prefix 'ā', middle voice, 3rd person singular

Prefix: ā

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

Note: Atmanepada form.

भगवान् (bhagavān) - venerable, divine (divine, venerable, fortunate, glorious)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhagavat

bhagavat - divine, venerable, fortunate, glorious

पक्षी (pakṣī) - bird

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pakṣin

pakṣin - bird, winged creature

भूत्वा (bhūtvā) - appearing as (lit. having become) (having been, having become)

(indeclinable)

absolutive

From root 'bhū' (to be, to become) with suffix 'ktvā'

Root: bhū (class 1)

हिरण्मयः (hiraṇmayaḥ) - golden, made of gold

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hiraṇmaya

hiraṇmaya - golden, made of gold

Suffix -maya (made of) added to hiraṇya (gold)

Note: Agrees with pakṣī

सुदुष्करम् (suduṣkaram) - extremely difficult (very difficult, extremely hard to do)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of suduṣkara

suduṣkara - very difficult, extremely hard to do

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (su+dus+kara)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
• dus – hard, difficult, bad
  indeclinable
• kara – doing, making, performer
  adjective (neuter)
  Agent noun/adjective
  from root 'kṛ' (to do)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Can also be accusative singular. Here it acts as predicate.

मनुष्यैः (manuṣyaiḥ) - by humans, by men

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of manuṣya

manuṣya - human, man

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

यत् (yat) - what (which, what)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what

Note: Can also be accusative singular. Here refers to 'that which'.

कृतम् (kṛtam) - accomplished (done, made, performed)

(participle)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, performed

Past Passive Participle

From root 'kṛ' (to do, to make) with suffix 'kta'

Root: kṛ (class 8)

विघसाशिभिः (vighasāśibhiḥ) - by those subsisting on leftovers (by those who eat leftovers)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of vighasāśin

vighasāśin - one who eats leftovers, one who subsists on remnants of food

Compound type : upapada tatpuruṣa (vighasa+āśin)

• vighasa – remnant of food, leftovers
  noun (masculine)
• āśin – eating, eater
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun/adjective
  from root 'aś' (to eat)
  Root: aś (class 9)