महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-11, verse-21

तपः श्रेष्ठं प्रजानां हि मूलमेतन्न संशयः ।
कुटुम्बविधिनानेन यस्मिन्सर्वं प्रतिष्ठितम् ॥२१॥

21. tapaḥ śreṣṭhaṁ prajānāṁ hi mūlametanna saṁśayaḥ ,
kuṭumbavidhinānena yasminsarvaṁ pratiṣṭhitam.

21. tapaḥ śreṣṭham prajānām hi mūlam etat na saṃśayaḥ
kuṭumba-vidhinā anena yasmin sarvam pratiṣṭhitam

21. tapaḥ hi prajānām śreṣṭham mūlam (ca) etat; na saṃśayaḥ.
anena kuṭumba-vidhinā (ca) yasmin sarvam pratiṣṭhitam

21. Austerity (tapas) is indeed supreme for people (prajā). This is certainly its root; there is no doubt. In this method of family life (kuṭumbavidhi), everything is established.

Words meanings summery:

• तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity, penance, spiritual effort

• श्रेष्ठम् (śreṣṭham) - supreme, best, most excellent

• प्रजानाम् (prajānām) - of beings, of people, of creatures

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely

• मूलम् (mūlam) - root, origin, foundation

• एतत् (etat) - this

• न (na) - not

• संशयः (saṁśayaḥ) - doubt

• कुटुम्ब-विधिना (kuṭumba-vidhinā) - by this method of family (life), by the rule of the family

• अनेन (anena) - by this

• यस्मिन् (yasmin) - in which

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, everything

• प्रतिष्ठितम् (pratiṣṭhitam) - established, founded, based

Words meanings and morphology

तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity, penance, spiritual effort

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - austerity, penance, spiritual fervor (tapas)

श्रेष्ठम् (śreṣṭham) - supreme, best, most excellent

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śreṣṭha

śreṣṭha - best, most excellent, supreme

Note: Agrees with 'tapaḥ'

प्रजानाम् (prajānām) - of beings, of people, of creatures

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of prajā

prajā - offspring, progeny, people, subjects, creatures (prajā)

हि (hi) - indeed, surely

(indeclinable)

मूलम् (mūlam) - root, origin, foundation

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mūla

mūla - root, origin, foundation, source

एतत् (etat) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

संशयः (saṁśayaḥ) - doubt

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃśaya

saṁśaya - doubt, uncertainty

कुटुम्ब-विधिना (kuṭumba-vidhinā) - by this method of family (life), by the rule of the family

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kuṭumba-vidhi

kuṭumba-vidhi - family rule, method of family (life)

Compound type : tatpurusha (kuṭumba+vidhi)

• kuṭumba – family, household
  noun (neuter)
• vidhi – rule, method, ordinance
  noun (masculine)

अनेन (anena) - by this

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this

Note: Agrees with 'vidhinā'

यस्मिन् (yasmin) - in which

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, who, what

Note: Refers to 'vidhi' implicitly

सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, everything

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Used as a substantive

प्रतिष्ठितम् (pratiṣṭhitam) - established, founded, based

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pratiṣṭhita

pratiṣṭhita - established, fixed, founded, dependent

Past Passive Participle

Formed from prefix 'prati' + root 'sthā' + suffix 'kta'.

Prefix: prati

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'sarvam'