महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-11, verse-23

दुराधर्षं पदं चैव गच्छन्ति विघसाशिनः ।
सायंप्रातर्विभज्यान्नं स्वकुटुम्बे यथाविधि ॥२३॥

23. durādharṣaṁ padaṁ caiva gacchanti vighasāśinaḥ ,
sāyaṁprātarvibhajyānnaṁ svakuṭumbe yathāvidhi.

23. durādharṣam padam ca eva gacchanti vighasāśinaḥ
sāyamprātar vibhajya annam svakutumbhe yathāvidhi

23. vighasāśinaḥ sāyamprātar svakutumbhe yathāvidhi
annam vibhajya ca eva durādharṣam padam gacchanti

23. Those who partake of remnants (vighasāśin), having distributed food morning and evening to their own family according to the prescribed rites, indeed attain an unassailable state.

Words meanings summery:

• दुराधर्षम् (durādharṣam) - difficult to assail, unassailable, invincible, impregnable

• पदम् (padam) - an exalted state or position (step, foot, place, position, state, goal, attainment)

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, certainly, exactly

• गच्छन्ति (gacchanti) - they go, they attain, they reach

• विघसाशिनः (vighasāśinaḥ) - those who eat remnants, those who consume leftover food

• सायम्प्रातर् (sāyamprātar) - evening and morning, in the evening and in the morning

• विभज्य (vibhajya) - having distributed, having divided, having shared

• अन्नम् (annam) - food, cooked rice, grain

• स्वकुतुम्भे (svakutumbhe) - in one's own family, in one's own household

• यथाविधि (yathāvidhi) - according to rule, duly, ceremonially, in the prescribed manner

Words meanings and morphology

दुराधर्षम् (durādharṣam) - difficult to assail, unassailable, invincible, impregnable

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of durādharṣa

durādharṣa - difficult to approach, unassailable, invincible

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle (implied 'not to be assailed') or Compound adjective

Compound of 'dur-' (difficult/bad) and 'ādharṣa' (assault/daring). 'ādharṣa' from 'ā-dhṛṣ' + 'a' (Ghañ).

Compound type : prādi-tatpuruṣa (dur+ādharṣa)

• dur – difficult, bad, ill, hard
  indeclinable
  prefix
• ādharṣa – daring, assault, attack
  noun (masculine)
  From 'ā' + root 'dhṛṣ' + 'a' (Ghañ)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: dhṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'padam'.

पदम् (padam) - an exalted state or position (step, foot, place, position, state, goal, attainment)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pada

pada - foot, step, mark, place, position, state, goal

From root 'pad' (to go, step)

Root: pad (class 4)

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

conjunction

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, certainly, exactly

(indeclinable)

emphatic particle

गच्छन्ति (gacchanti) - they go, they attain, they reach

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present indicative (laṭ) of gam

Present active indicative

3rd plural present active of root 'gam'.

Root: gam (class 1)

विघसाशिनः (vighasāśinaḥ) - those who eat remnants, those who consume leftover food

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vighasāśin

vighasāśin - one who eats remnants or leavings (after offerings/guests)

Compound of 'vighasa' (remnants) and 'āśin' (eater).

Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (vighasa+āśin)

• vighasa – remnants of a meal, leavings, food
  noun (masculine)
  From 'vi' + root 'ghas' (to eat)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: ghas (class 1)
• āśin – eating, consumer, eater
  adjective/noun (masculine)
  Agent noun
  From root 'aś' (to eat, partake) + 'in' (agent suffix).
  Root: aś (class 5)

Note: Subject of 'gacchanti'.

सायम्प्रातर् (sāyamprātar) - evening and morning, in the evening and in the morning

(indeclinable)

Dvandva compound of two indeclinables.

Compound type : dvandva (sāyam+prātar)

• sāyam – in the evening
  indeclinable
• prātar – in the morning
  indeclinable

Note: Adverbial, indicating time.

विभज्य (vibhajya) - having distributed, having divided, having shared

(indeclinable)

Gerund (absolutive)

From 'vi' (prefix) + root 'bhaj' (to divide, share) + 'lyap' suffix.

Prefix: vi

Root: bhaj (class 7)

Note: Expresses an action completed before the main verb 'gacchanti'.

अन्नम् (annam) - food, cooked rice, grain

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of anna

anna - food, cooked rice, grain

Past Passive Participle (nominalized)

From root 'ad' (to eat) + 'kta' suffix, nominalized.

Root: ad (class 2)

Note: Object of 'vibhajya'.

स्वकुतुम्भे (svakutumbhe) - in one's own family, in one's own household

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of svakutumba

svakutumba - one's own family, own household

Compound of 'sva' (own) and 'kutumba' (family).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (sva+kutumba)

• sva – own, one's own
  pronoun/adjective
• kutumba – family, household
  noun (neuter)

Note: Location for distributing food.

यथाविधि (yathāvidhi) - according to rule, duly, ceremonially, in the prescribed manner

(indeclinable)

Avyayībhāva compound.

Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+vidhi)

• yathā – as, according as, in what manner
  indeclinable
• vidhi – rule, ordinance, precept, method, manner
  noun (masculine)
  From 'vi' + root 'dhā' (to place, arrange)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Adverbial, describing how food is distributed.