महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-11, verse-24

दत्त्वातिथिभ्यो देवेभ्यः पितृभ्यः स्वजनस्य च ।
अवशिष्टानि येऽश्नन्ति तानाहुर्विघसाशिनः ॥२४॥

24. dattvātithibhyo devebhyaḥ pitṛbhyaḥ svajanasya ca ,
avaśiṣṭāni ye'śnanti tānāhurvighasāśinaḥ.

24. dattvā atithibhyaḥ devebhyaḥ pitṛbhyaḥ svajanasya
ca avaśiṣṭāni ye aśnanti tān āhuḥ vighasāśinaḥ

24. ye atithibhyaḥ devebhyaḥ pitṛbhyaḥ svajanasya ca dattvā avaśiṣṭāni aśnanti,
tān vighasāśinaḥ āhuḥ

24. Those who partake of the remnants (vighasāśin) are called so because they eat what is left over after giving to guests, to the gods, to the ancestors, and to their own relatives.

Words meanings summery:

• दत्त्वा (dattvā) - having given, having granted

• अतिथिभ्यः (atithibhyaḥ) - to guests, for guests

• देवेभ्यः (devebhyaḥ) - to gods, for gods

• पितृभ्यः (pitṛbhyaḥ) - to ancestors, for ancestors, to fathers

• स्वजनस्य (svajanasya) - of one's own people, of one's relatives

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• अवशिष्टानि (avaśiṣṭāni) - the remnants, what is left over, remaining things

• ये (ye) - those who, which (relative pronoun)

• अश्नन्ति (aśnanti) - they eat, they partake

• तान् (tān) - them (demonstrative pronoun)

• आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they call, they declare

• विघसाशिनः (vighasāśinaḥ) - eaters of remnants

Words meanings and morphology

दत्त्वा (dattvā) - having given, having granted

(indeclinable)

Gerund (absolutive)

From root 'dā' (to give) + 'ktvā' suffix.

Root: dā (class 3)

अतिथिभ्यः (atithibhyaḥ) - to guests, for guests

(noun)

Dative, masculine, plural of atithi

atithi - guest, visitor (lit. 'without a fixed tithi/date')

Compound 'a' (not) + 'tithi' (fixed time/date).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+tithi)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  negating prefix
• tithi – lunar day, fixed time/date
  noun (feminine)

Note: Recipient of giving.

देवेभ्यः (devebhyaḥ) - to gods, for gods

(noun)

Dative, masculine, plural of deva

deva - god, deity, divine being

From root 'div' (to shine).

Root: div (class 4)

Note: Recipient of giving.

पितृभ्यः (pitṛbhyaḥ) - to ancestors, for ancestors, to fathers

(noun)

Dative, masculine, plural of pitṛ

pitṛ - father, ancestor (often plural 'pitaraḥ' for ancestors)

Note: Recipient of giving.

स्वजनस्य (svajanasya) - of one's own people, of one's relatives

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of svajana

svajana - one's own people, kinsmen, relatives

Compound of 'sva' (own) and 'jana' (person/people).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (sva+jana)

• sva – own, one's own
  pronoun/adjective
• jana – person, people, race, creature
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'jan' (to be born).
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Refers to the collective group 'one's own people'.

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

conjunction

अवशिष्टानि (avaśiṣṭāni) - the remnants, what is left over, remaining things

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of avaśiṣṭa

avaśiṣṭa - left, remaining, leftover

Past Passive Participle (nominalized)

From 'ava' (prefix) + root 'śiṣ' (to leave, remain) + 'kta' suffix.

Prefix: ava

Root: śiṣ (class 7)

Note: Object of 'aśnanti'.

ये (ye) - those who, which (relative pronoun)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

Masculine nominative plural of 'yad'.

Note: Subject of 'aśnanti'.

अश्नन्ति (aśnanti) - they eat, they partake

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present indicative (laṭ) of aś

Present active indicative

3rd plural present active of root 'aś'.

Root: aś (class 9)

तान् (tān) - them (demonstrative pronoun)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those (demonstrative pronoun)

Masculine accusative plural of 'tad'.

Note: Object of 'āhuḥ'.

आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they call, they declare

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present indicative (liṭ (used as laṭ)) of bru

Present active indicative (irregular form)

3rd plural of the perfect form 'āha', used in a present sense.

Root: vac (class 2)

विघसाशिनः (vighasāśinaḥ) - eaters of remnants

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vighasāśin

vighasāśin - one who eats remnants or leavings

Compound of 'vighasa' (remnants) and 'āśin' (eater).

Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (vighasa+āśin)

• vighasa – remnants of a meal, leavings, food
  noun (masculine)
  From 'vi' + root 'ghas' (to eat)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: ghas (class 1)
• āśin – eating, consumer, eater
  adjective/noun (masculine)
  Agent noun
  From root 'aś' (to eat, partake) + 'in' (agent suffix).
  Root: aś (class 5)

Note: Complement to 'tān' (they call them 'eaters of remnants').