महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-11, verse-18

एतद्वोऽस्तु तपो युक्तं ददानीत्यृषिचोदितम् ।
तस्मात्तदध्यवसतस्तपस्वि तप उच्यते ॥१८॥

18. etadvo'stu tapo yuktaṁ dadānītyṛṣicoditam ,
tasmāttadadhyavasatastapasvi tapa ucyate.

18. etat vaḥ astu tapaḥ yuktam dadāni iti ṛṣicoditam
tasmāt tat adhyavasataḥ tapasvi tapaḥ ucyate

18. etat vaḥ yuktam tapaḥ astu,
dadāni iti ṛṣicoditam (ca).
tasmāt tat adhyavasataḥ tapasvi tapaḥ ucyate.

18. Let this proper spiritual discipline (tapas) be for you, which is urged by a sage (ṛṣi) (with the statement), 'I shall give.' Therefore, for one who is resolute in that (giving), an ascetic (tapasvin) is truly called (the embodiment of) spiritual discipline (tapas).

Words meanings summery:

• एतत् (etat) - this, that

• वः (vaḥ) - to you, for you, your

• अस्तु (astu) - let it be, may it be

• तपः (tapaḥ) - spiritual discipline (tapas) (austerity, penance, spiritual discipline)

• युक्तम् (yuktam) - proper, fit, endowed with, joined

• ददानि (dadāni) - I shall give, may I give

• इति (iti) - thus, so, in this manner

• ऋषिचोदितम् (ṛṣicoditam) - urged by a sage, instructed by a sage

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that

• तत् (tat) - that (giving) (that, it)

• अध्यवसतः (adhyavasataḥ) - for one who is resolute in that (giving) (of one who is resolute, through resolution)

• तपस्वि (tapasvi) - an ascetic (tapasvin) (ascetic, renunciant, one who practices austerity)

• तपः (tapaḥ) - spiritual discipline (tapas) (austerity, penance, spiritual discipline)

• उच्यते (ucyate) - is called, is said, is declared

Words meanings and morphology

एतत् (etat) - this, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, that

वः (vaḥ) - to you, for you, your

(pronoun)

plural of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (plural)

अस्तु (astu) - let it be, may it be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of as

imperative

root conjugation

Root: as (class 2)

तपः (tapaḥ) - spiritual discipline (tapas) (austerity, penance, spiritual discipline)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - austerity, penance, spiritual discipline, heat, inner fire

युक्तम् (yuktam) - proper, fit, endowed with, joined

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yukta

yukta - joined, yoked, connected, engaged, proper, fit, intent, disciplined (yoga)

Past Passive Participle

derived from root 'yuj' (to join, to yoke)

Root: yuj (class 7)

ददानि (dadāni) - I shall give, may I give

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present/imperative (loṭ) of dā

present/imperative

root conjugation, ātmanepada

Root: dā (class 3)

इति (iti) - thus, so, in this manner

(indeclinable)

ऋषिचोदितम् (ṛṣicoditam) - urged by a sage, instructed by a sage

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ṛṣicodita

ṛṣicodita - urged/instructed by a sage (ṛṣi)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ṛṣi+codita)

• ṛṣi – sage, seer, inspired poet
  noun (masculine)
• codita – urged, impelled, instructed, ordered (past passive participle)
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  derived from root 'cud' (to urge, impel)
  Root: cud (class 10)

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that

(indeclinable)

Note: Used adverbially to mean 'therefore'.

तत् (tat) - that (giving) (that, it)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

अध्यवसतः (adhyavasataḥ) - for one who is resolute in that (giving) (of one who is resolute, through resolution)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of adhyavasat

adhyavasat - resolving, determined, one who determines

Present Active Participle

derived from root 'sā' (to bind, to finish) with prefixes 'adhi' and 'ava'

Prefixes: adhi+ava

Root: sā (class 4)

Note: Used as genitive singular of the present active participle, referring to the agent of resolution.

तपस्वि (tapasvi) - an ascetic (tapasvin) (ascetic, renunciant, one who practices austerity)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tapasvin

tapasvin - ascetic, renunciant, one who performs austerity (tapas)

derived from 'tapas' with the possessive suffix '-vin'

तपः (tapaḥ) - spiritual discipline (tapas) (austerity, penance, spiritual discipline)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - austerity, penance, spiritual discipline, heat, inner fire

उच्यते (ucyate) - is called, is said, is declared

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of vac

present passive

root conjugation, passive voice

Root: vac (class 2)