महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-106, verse-22

त्यागधर्मविदं मुण्डं कंचिदस्योपवर्णय ।
अपि त्यागं बुभूषेत कच्चिद्गच्छेदनामयम् ॥२२॥

22. tyāgadharmavidaṁ muṇḍaṁ kaṁcidasyopavarṇaya ,
api tyāgaṁ bubhūṣeta kaccidgacchedanāmayam.

22. tyāgadarmavidam muṇḍam kaṃcit asya upavarṇaya
api tyāgam bubhūṣeta kaccit gacchet anāmayam

22. asya tyāgadarmavidam muṇḍam kaṃcit upavarṇaya
api tyāgam bubhūṣeta kaccit anāmayam gacchet

22. Describe to him a shaven-headed person who understands the natural law (dharma) of renunciation (tyāga). Would he then desire renunciation (tyāga)? Would he attain well-being?

Words meanings summery:

• त्यागदर्मविदम् (tyāgadarmavidam) - a knower of the natural law (dharma) of renunciation (tyāga) (knower of the law of renunciation)

• मुण्डम् (muṇḍam) - shaven-headed person (shaven-headed, bald, a mendicant with a shaven head)

• कंचित् (kaṁcit) - someone (someone, anyone, a certain one)

• अस्य (asya) - him (dative sense) (his, its, of this)

• उपवर्णय (upavarṇaya) - describe (describe, relate, praise)

• अपि (api) - whether (introduces a question) (also, even, whether, if)

• त्यागम् (tyāgam) - renunciation (tyāga) (renunciation, abandonment)

• बुभूषेत (bubhūṣeta) - he would desire to be (renunciation) (he would wish to be, he would desire to be)

• कच्चित् (kaccit) - would he (expresses hope/question) (I hope that, perhaps, whether)

• गच्छेत् (gacchet) - he would go, he would attain (he would go, he should go)

• अनामयम् (anāmayam) - well-being / a safe place (without illness, well-being, healthy, safe place)

Words meanings and morphology

त्यागदर्मविदम् (tyāgadarmavidam) - a knower of the natural law (dharma) of renunciation (tyāga) (knower of the law of renunciation)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tyāgadarmavid

tyāgadarmavid - knower of the natural law of renunciation

Compound: 'tyāga' (renunciation) + 'dharma' (law) + 'vid' (knower).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tyāga+dharma+vid)

• tyāga – renunciation, abandonment, sacrifice
  noun (masculine)
  Verbal noun from √tyaj
  From root √tyaj (to abandon).
  Root: tyaj (class 1)
• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness
  noun (masculine)
  From root √dhṛ (to hold, support).
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• vid – knower, understanding
  adjective/noun (masculine)
  Agent noun from √vid
  From root √vid (to know).
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Object of 'upavarṇaya'.

मुण्डम् (muṇḍam) - shaven-headed person (shaven-headed, bald, a mendicant with a shaven head)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of muṇḍa

muṇḍa - shaven-headed, bald, a mendicant

Note: Object of 'upavarṇaya', describing the 'someone'.

कंचित् (kaṁcit) - someone (someone, anyone, a certain one)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kaścid

kaścid - someone, anyone, a certain one

Formed from 'ka' (who) + 'cid' (an indefinite particle).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ka+cid)

• ka – who, what, which
  pronoun
• cid – an indefinite particle
  indeclinable

Note: Object of 'upavarṇaya'.

अस्य (asya) - him (dative sense) (his, its, of this)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine/neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Used here in a dative sense, 'to him'.

उपवर्णय (upavarṇaya) - describe (describe, relate, praise)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of upavarṇay

Causative stem from √vṛṇ

Formed from upasarga 'upa' + root 'vṛṇ' with causative suffix 'āp/ay'.

Prefix: upa

Root: vṛṇ (class 9)

अपि (api) - whether (introduces a question) (also, even, whether, if)

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative particle here, implying 'would he...?'

त्यागम् (tyāgam) - renunciation (tyāga) (renunciation, abandonment)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tyāga

tyāga - renunciation, abandonment, sacrifice

Verbal noun from √tyaj

From root √tyaj (to abandon).

Root: tyaj (class 1)

Note: Object of 'bubhūṣeta'.

बुभूषेत (bubhūṣeta) - he would desire to be (renunciation) (he would wish to be, he would desire to be)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of bubhūṣ

Desiderative form of √bhū

From root √bhū (to be) with desiderative suffix -san. Here, the optative form of the desiderative stem.

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Desiderative optative.

कच्चित् (kaccit) - would he (expresses hope/question) (I hope that, perhaps, whether)

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative particle, implying 'I hope he would... / would he...?'

गच्छेत् (gacchet) - he would go, he would attain (he would go, he should go)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of gam

Root: gam (class 1)

अनामयम् (anāmayam) - well-being / a safe place (without illness, well-being, healthy, safe place)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of anāmaya

anāmaya - without illness, healthy, well-being, safe

Compound: 'an' (not) + 'āmaya' (illness).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (an+āmaya)

• an – not, un-, without
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• āmaya – illness, sickness, disease
  noun (masculine)
  From root √am (to go, move, oppress).
  Root: am (class 1)

Note: Object of 'gacchet', implying 'to attain well-being' or 'go to a safe place'.