महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-11, chapter-27, verse-13

ततः स पुरुषव्याघ्रः कुन्तीपुत्रो युधिष्ठिरः ।
उवाच मातरं वीरो निःश्वसन्निव पन्नगः ॥१३॥

13. tataḥ sa puruṣavyāghraḥ kuntīputro yudhiṣṭhiraḥ ,
uvāca mātaraṁ vīro niḥśvasanniva pannagaḥ.

13. tataḥ saḥ puruṣavyāghraḥ kuntīputraḥ yudhiṣṭhiraḥ
uvāca mātaram vīraḥ niḥśvasan iva pannagaḥ

13. tataḥ saḥ vīraḥ puruṣavyāghraḥ kuntīputraḥ
yudhiṣṭhiraḥ pannagaḥ iva niḥśvasan mātaram uvāca

13. Then, that hero, Yudhiṣṭhira, the son of Kuntī and a tiger among men, spoke to his mother, sighing like a serpent.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• पुरुषव्याघ्रः (puruṣavyāghraḥ) - tiger among men, best of men

• कुन्तीपुत्रः (kuntīputraḥ) - son of Kuntī

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

• मातरम् (mātaram) - to Kuntī (to the mother)

• वीरः (vīraḥ) - hero, brave man

• निःश्वसन् (niḥśvasan) - sighing, breathing out

• इव (iva) - like, as if

• पन्नगः (pannagaḥ) - serpent, snake

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

(indeclinable)

Formed with suffix -tas from 'tad' (that)

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Refers to Yudhiṣṭhira

पुरुषव्याघ्रः (puruṣavyāghraḥ) - tiger among men, best of men

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of puruṣavyāghra

puruṣavyāghra - tiger among men, eminent man, best of men

A metaphorical compound comparing a man to a tiger in strength/valor

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (puruṣa+vyāghra)

• puruṣa – man, human being, person (puruṣa)
  noun (masculine)
• vyāghra – tiger
  noun (masculine)

Note: An epithet for Yudhiṣṭhira

कुन्तीपुत्रः (kuntīputraḥ) - son of Kuntī

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kuntīputra

kuntīputra - son of Kuntī (Kuntīputra)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kuntī+putra)

• kuntī – Kuntī (mother of the Pāṇḍavas)
  proper noun (feminine)
• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)

Note: An epithet for Yudhiṣṭhira

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (the eldest Pāṇḍava brother), firm in battle

From yudhi (in battle) + sthira (firm)

Note: Main subject of the sentence

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect (liṭ), 3rd person singular, active voice

Root: vac (class 2)

मातरम् (mātaram) - to Kuntī (to the mother)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of mātṛ

mātṛ - mother

Note: Direct object of 'uvāca'

वीरः (vīraḥ) - hero, brave man

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vīra

vīra - hero, brave, valiant man

Root: vī

Note: Modifies Yudhiṣṭhira

निःश्वसन् (niḥśvasan) - sighing, breathing out

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niḥśvasant

niḥśvasant - sighing, breathing out, exhaling

Present Active Participle

From root śvas (to breathe) with prefix niḥ-

Prefix: niḥ

Root: śvas (class 2)

Note: Modifies Yudhiṣṭhira

इव (iva) - like, as if

(indeclinable)

Particle of comparison

पन्नगः (pannagaḥ) - serpent, snake

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pannaga

pannaga - serpent, snake (moving on the ground)

From pan (to go, to move) + naga (mountain, or often taken as 'not moving on feet' or 'moving on belly')

Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (pan+ga)

• pan – going, moving (often on the ground/belly)
  verbal derivative
  From root pan (to go, to move)
  Root: pan (class 1)
• ga – going, moving
  nominal derivative (masculine)
  From root gam (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Comparison for Yudhiṣṭhira's sighing