महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-11, chapter-27, verse-12

श्रुत्वा तु पाण्डवाः सर्वे मातुर्वचनमप्रियम् ।
कर्णमेवानुशोचन्त भूयश्चार्ततराभवन् ॥१२॥

12. śrutvā tu pāṇḍavāḥ sarve māturvacanamapriyam ,
karṇamevānuśocanta bhūyaścārtatarābhavan.

12. śrutvā tu pāṇḍavāḥ sarve mātuḥ vacanam apriyam
karṇam eva anuśocantaḥ bhūyaḥ ca ārtatarā abhavan

12. pāṇḍavāḥ sarve mātuḥ apriyam vacanam śrutvā tu
karṇam eva anuśocantaḥ bhūyaḥ ca ārtatarā abhavan

12. Upon hearing their mother's distressing words, all the Pāṇḍavas, lamenting solely for Karṇa, became even more miserable.

Words meanings summery:

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard, having listened

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

• पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - Pāṇḍavas, sons of Pāṇḍu

• सर्वे (sarve) - all, every

• मातुः (mātuḥ) - of the mother

• वचनम् (vacanam) - word, speech, statement

• अप्रियम् (apriyam) - unpleasant, disagreeable, distressing

• कर्णम् (karṇam) - Karṇa

• एव (eva) - only, just, indeed

• अनुशोचन्तः (anuśocantaḥ) - lamenting, grieving, mourning for

• भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - again, further, more

• च (ca) - and

• आर्ततरा (ārtatarā) - more distressed, more pained

• अभवन् (abhavan) - they became

Words meanings and morphology

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard, having listened

(indeclinable)

Absolutive / Gerund

Formed with suffix -tvā

Root: śru (class 5)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - Pāṇḍavas, sons of Pāṇḍu

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, son of Pāṇḍu

Formed with suffix -a from Pāṇḍu

सर्वे (sarve) - all, every

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, complete

Note: Agrees with pāṇḍavāḥ

मातुः (mātuḥ) - of the mother

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of mātṛ

mātṛ - mother

वचनम् (vacanam) - word, speech, statement

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - word, speech, statement, saying

From root vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of śrutvā

अप्रियम् (apriyam) - unpleasant, disagreeable, distressing

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of apriya

apriya - unpleasant, disagreeable, hostile, disliked

Negative prefix 'a' + priya (dear, pleasing)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (a+priya)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• priya – dear, beloved, pleasing, agreeable
  adjective
  Root: prī (class 4)

Note: Modifies `vacanam`

कर्णम् (karṇam) - Karṇa

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karṇa (name of a hero in the Mahābhārata); ear

Note: Object of `anuśocantaḥ`

एव (eva) - only, just, indeed

(indeclinable)

अनुशोचन्तः (anuśocantaḥ) - lamenting, grieving, mourning for

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of anuśocant

anuśocant - lamenting, grieving, mourning for

Present Active Participle

From root śuc (to grieve) with prefix anu-

Prefix: anu

Root: śuc (class 1)

Note: Refers to `pāṇḍavāḥ`

भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - again, further, more

(indeclinable)

Comparative of 'bahu' (much)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

आर्ततरा (ārtatarā) - more distressed, more pained

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ārtatara

ārtatara - more distressed, more miserable, more afflicted

Comparative degree of ārta (distressed), with suffix -tara

Note: Refers to `pāṇḍavāḥ`

अभवन् (abhavan) - they became

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Imperfect, 3rd person plural

Root: bhū (class 1)