महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-11, chapter-14, verse-21

संतानमावयोस्तात वृद्धयोर्हृतराज्ययोः ।
कथमन्धद्वयस्यास्य यष्टिरेका न वर्जिता ॥२१॥

21. saṁtānamāvayostāta vṛddhayorhṛtarājyayoḥ ,
kathamandhadvayasyāsya yaṣṭirekā na varjitā.

21. saṃtānam āvayoḥ tāta vṛddhayoḥ hṛtarājyayoḥ |
katham andhadvayasya asya yaṣṭiḥ ekā na varjitā

21. tāta,
āvayoḥ vṛddhayoḥ hṛtarājyayoḥ saṃtānam (asti) asya andhadvayasya ekā yaṣṭiḥ katham na varjitā?

21. "O son, concerning the progeny of us two aged ones who have lost our kingdom, how is it that not even a single staff (meaning a son) was spared for this blind couple?"

Words meanings summery:

• संतानम् (saṁtānam) - offspring, progeny, continuity

• आवयोः (āvayoḥ) - of us two (Gandhari and Dhritarashtra) (of us two)

• तात (tāta) - O son (Yudhishthira) (O son, dear father, dear one)

• वृद्धयोः (vṛddhayoḥ) - of the two aged ones (Gandhari and Dhritarashtra) (of the two old ones)

• हृतराज्ययोः (hṛtarājyayoḥ) - of the two (Gandhari and Dhritarashtra) whose kingdom has been taken away (of the two whose kingdom has been taken away)

• कथम् (katham) - how, why

• अन्धद्वयस्य (andhadvayasya) - of this blind couple (Dhritarashtra and Gandhari) (of the blind pair, of the two blind ones)

• अस्य (asya) - of this

• यष्टिः (yaṣṭiḥ) - a single son (as support) (staff, stick; support)

• एका (ekā) - one, a single

• न (na) - not

• वर्जिता (varjitā) - spared, avoided, excluded

Words meanings and morphology

संतानम् (saṁtānam) - offspring, progeny, continuity

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of saṃtāna

saṁtāna - offspring, progeny, continuity, succession

from saṃ-√tan (to extend, stretch)

Prefix: sam

Root: √tan (class 8)

Note: Object of an implied verb like 'you have killed' or 'concerning'.

आवयोः (āvayoḥ) - of us two (Gandhari and Dhritarashtra) (of us two)

(pronoun)

Genitive, dual of asmad

asmad - we, us

Note: Refers to Gandhari and Dhritarashtra.

तात (tāta) - O son (Yudhishthira) (O son, dear father, dear one)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tāta

tāta - father, son, dear one (term of endearment)

Note: Gandhari addresses Yudhishthira as 'son'.

वृद्धयोः (vṛddhayoḥ) - of the two aged ones (Gandhari and Dhritarashtra) (of the two old ones)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, dual of vṛddha

vṛddha - old, aged, grown

Past Passive Participle

from root √vṛdh (to grow)

Root: √vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'āvayoḥ', referring to Dhritarashtra and Gandhari.

हृतराज्ययोः (hṛtarājyayoḥ) - of the two (Gandhari and Dhritarashtra) whose kingdom has been taken away (of the two whose kingdom has been taken away)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, dual of hṛtarājya

hṛtarājya - one whose kingdom is taken away

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (hṛta+rājya)

• hṛta – taken, seized
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root √hṛ (to seize, take)
  Root: √hṛ (class 1)
• rājya – kingdom, sovereignty
  noun (neuter)

Note: Modifies 'āvayoḥ', referring to Dhritarashtra and Gandhari.

कथम् (katham) - how, why

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative.

अन्धद्वयस्य (andhadvayasya) - of this blind couple (Dhritarashtra and Gandhari) (of the blind pair, of the two blind ones)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of andhadvaya

andhadvaya - a pair of blind people

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (andha+dvaya)

• andha – blind
  adjective (masculine)
• dvaya – pair, duo
  noun (neuter)

Note: Refers to Dhritarashtra and Gandhari.

अस्य (asya) - of this

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this

Note: Modifies 'andhadvayasya'.

यष्टिः (yaṣṭiḥ) - a single son (as support) (staff, stick; support)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of yaṣṭi

yaṣṭi - staff, stick, support

Note: Metaphorical for a son.

एका (ekā) - one, a single

(numeral)

Note: Modifies 'yaṣṭiḥ'.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

वर्जिता (varjitā) - spared, avoided, excluded

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of √vṛj

√vṛj - to avoid, abandon, exclude, spare

Past Passive Participle

feminine nominative singular past passive participle of √vṛj

Root: √vṛj (class 1)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'yaṣṭiḥ'.